Haynes James T, Frith Emily, Sng Eveleen, Loprinzi Paul D
Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Health Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2019 Oct;122(5):1744-1754. doi: 10.1177/0033294118786688. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
Our previous work employing a between-subject randomized controlled trial design suggests that exercising prior to memory encoding is more advantageous in enhancing retrospective episodic memory function when compared to exercise occurring during or after memory encoding. The present experiment evaluates this potential temporal effect of acute exercise on memory function while employing a within-subject, counterbalanced design. In a counterbalanced order (via Latin squares), 24 participants completed four visits including (1) exercising (moderate-intensity walking) prior to memory encoding, (2) exercising during memory encoding, (3) exercising after memory encoding, and (4) a control visit (no exercise). Retrospective memory function (short term and long term; 24-hour follow-up) was assessed from a multitrial word list. Prospective memory was assessed from a time-based task. Compared to all other visits, short-term memory was greater in the visit that involved exercising prior to memory encoding (F = 3.76; P = .01; η= .79). Similar results occurred for long-term memory, with no significant effects for prospective memory performance. We provide robust evidence demonstrating that acute moderate-intensity exercise prior to memory encoding is optimal in enhancing short-term and long-term memory function when compared to no exercise as well as exercising during and after memory encoding.
我们之前采用组间随机对照试验设计的研究表明，与在记忆编码期间或之后进行锻炼相比，在记忆编码之前进行锻炼在增强回顾性情景记忆功能方面更具优势。本实验采用组内平衡设计，评估急性运动对记忆功能的这种潜在时间效应。24名参与者按照平衡顺序（通过拉丁方）完成四次访视，包括（1）在记忆编码之前进行锻炼（中等强度步行），（2）在记忆编码期间进行锻炼，（3）在记忆编码之后进行锻炼，以及（4）一次对照访视（不进行锻炼）。从多试验单词列表评估回顾性记忆功能（短期和长期；24小时随访）。从前瞻性任务评估前瞻性记忆。与所有其他访视相比，在记忆编码之前进行锻炼的访视中短期记忆更好（F = 3.76；P = 0.01；η = 0.79）。长期记忆也出现了类似结果，前瞻性记忆表现没有显著影响。我们提供了有力证据，证明与不锻炼以及在记忆编码期间和之后进行锻炼相比，在记忆编码之前进行急性中等强度锻炼在增强短期和长期记忆功能方面是最佳的。
