Iwanaga Joe, Kikuta Shogo, Ibaragi Soichiro, Watanabe Koichi, Kusukawa Jingo, Tubbs R Shane
Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.
Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2020 Jan;42(1):41-47. doi: 10.1007/s00276-019-02343-3. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
An accessory foramen around the mandibular foramen is called an accessory mandibular foramen (AMF). The clinical anatomy of the AMF has not been well described. The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical anatomy of the AMF for a better understanding of its implication during ramus surgeries.
Twenty-two sides fresh-frozen cadaveric heads with a mean age of 76.2 ± 14.4 years at death underwent dissection. The neurovascular bundles passing through the AMF were observed. Additionally, a hemi-face of a latex injected embalmed cadaver was dissected medially to laterally and the neurovascular bundles of the AMF investigated.
A unilateral foramen, bilateral foramina, and absence of foramina were found in 45.4%, 18.2%, and 36.4%, respectively. The origin of the neurovascular bundle entering the AMF was a branch of the maxillary artery in 20% and a tributary of the inferior alveolar vein in 80%. In the latex embalmed cadaver, the AMF was found to contain a branch from the maxillary artery and a tributary of the maxillary vein.
Given the practical meaning of the specific AMF located in the operative field of the ramus osteotomy, we suggest these be named "foramina for ramus osteotomy."
下颌孔周围的副孔称为副下颌孔（AMF）。AMF的临床解剖学尚未得到充分描述。本研究的目的是揭示AMF的临床解剖学，以便更好地理解其在升支手术中的意义。
对22侧新鲜冷冻尸体头部进行解剖，这些尸体死亡时的平均年龄为76.2±14.4岁。观察通过AMF的神经血管束。此外，对一具注射乳胶的防腐尸体的半侧面部进行由内侧向外侧的解剖，并对AMF的神经血管束进行研究。
分别发现单侧孔、双侧孔和无孔的情况占45.4%、18.2%和36.4%。进入AMF的神经血管束的起源，20%为上颌动脉的分支，80%为下牙槽静脉的属支。在注射乳胶的防腐尸体中，发现AMF包含上颌动脉的一个分支和上颌静脉的一个属支。
鉴于位于升支截骨术手术区域内特定AMF的实际意义，我们建议将这些孔命名为“升支截骨孔”。
