Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Straus-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
Institute of Sport Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020 Feb;28(2):519-527. doi: 10.1007/s00167-019-05706-w. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
PURPOSE: Injury prevention of knee injuries by means of training and warm-up exercises has been investigated in several studies in amateur football. However, the number of investigations in elite football is limited despite the currently higher injury incidence of severe knee injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether specifically adapted preventive training modules may reduce severe knee injuries in elite football. METHODS: In a prospective controlled cohort study of elite football players in Germany, an injury prevention programme with 5 modules was implemented in the season of 2015-2016. The training modules were specifically adapted to this skill level and based on scientific evidence, team coach preferences, and the specific environment of this playing level. Of the 62 teams taking part in this study, 26 used the new trainings modules and 36 continued their standard programme as a control group. Success of the programme was documented by means of an injury report over one season. The primary outcome was reduction in severe knee injuries. RESULTS: A pre-seasonal investigation had identified five modules to be implemented in the training routine. Postural stability, mobilisation of lower extremity joints, leg and trunk stabilisation, jumping, and landing exercises as well as agility movements were incorporated into the programme to prevent severe knee injuries in elite football. Over the season, the study group (529 players) with the adapted training modules had sustained 52 severe knee injuries (incidence: 0.38 per 1000 h football exposure; prevalence: 9.8%) compared to 108 severe knee injuries in the control group (601 players) using the standard programme (incidence: 0.68 per 1000 h football exposure; prevalence: 18.0%; p < 0.05). The overall injury incidence for any other type of injury was comparable between the two groups (3.3 vs. 3.4 in h 1000 football, n.s.). CONCLUSION: Appropriate preventive training modules reduce severe knee injuries in elite football significantly. The key for the sustainability of preventive training measures are programmes specifically adapted to the demands of the playing level and to the preferences of the coaches LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
目的：通过训练和热身练习来预防膝关节损伤已在业余足球的多项研究中进行了研究。然而，尽管目前严重膝关节损伤的发生率较高，但在精英足球中进行的研究数量有限。因此，本研究的目的是调查专门设计的预防训练模块是否可以减少精英足球中的严重膝关节损伤。
方法：在德国的一项精英足球运动员前瞻性对照队列研究中，在 2015-2016 赛季实施了一个包含 5 个模块的损伤预防计划。培训模块是根据该技能水平的科学依据、团队教练的偏好以及该比赛水平的特定环境专门设计的。在参与这项研究的 62 支球队中，有 26 支球队使用了新的训练模块，而 36 支球队则继续使用标准方案作为对照组。通过一个赛季的伤病报告来记录该计划的成功。主要结局是减少严重的膝关节损伤。
结果：在赛季前的调查中，确定了 5 个要纳入训练常规的模块。姿势稳定性、下肢关节活动度、腿部和躯干稳定性、跳跃和着陆练习以及敏捷性运动都被纳入该计划，以预防精英足球中的严重膝关节损伤。在整个赛季中，使用适应性训练模块的研究组（529 名球员）共发生 52 例严重膝关节损伤（发生率：每 1000 小时足球暴露 0.38 例；患病率：9.8%），而使用标准方案的对照组（601 名球员）发生 108 例严重膝关节损伤（发生率：每 1000 小时足球暴露 0.68 例；患病率：18.0%；p<0.05）。两组的任何其他类型损伤的总体损伤发生率相当（两组每 1000 小时足球暴露分别为 3.3 例和 3.4 例，无统计学差异）。
结论：适当的预防训练模块可显著减少精英足球中的严重膝关节损伤。预防措施可持续的关键是针对比赛水平的需求以及教练的偏好专门设计的计划。
证据水平：II。
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