Okobi Okelue E, Evbayekha Endurance O, Ilechie Ekene, Iroro Joy, Nwafor Jane N, Gandu Zinai, Shittu Hameed O
Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA.
Internal Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Jun 20;14(6):e26123. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26123. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Athletes risk injury every day during practice sessions and actual games, with the majority of the affected population being young males. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011-2014 report on sport and recreation-related injuries in the United States has consistently shown the average annual estimate of the millions of dollars spent on sport and recreation injuries. These injuries translate to a significant financial implication for the athlete, the team, the health system, and the public health. We composed a review protocol. We enumerated our inclusion and exclusion criteria, injury definition, and search strategy. We searched PubMed and SPORTDiscus. Then we used Forrest plots for the meta-analysis of the relevant selected studies. We used various keywords in our search strategy. These included "injury," "sports," "exercise," "prevention," "techniques," and every possible combination of them. Search results showed 2516 hits with our keywords, and we included 20 of those results. Twenty trials, including 19712 individuals with 2855 injuries, were analyzed. Eccentric Training relative risk (RR) of 0.54 (95% CI 0.395 to 0.739 with X of p < 0.05) showed that the risk of the injury was decreased by 54% in the intervention group compared to the control group. In the neuromuscular training group, a RR of 0.682 (95% CI 0.621 to 0.749 with X of p < 0.001) showed that the risk of the injury was decreased by 68.2% in its intervention group subgroup compared to its control group. Also, the "11" International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) program had a RR of 0.771, indicating that there was a 77.1% decrease in injury by this set of exercises (95% CI 0.728 to 0.816 with X of p < 0.05), and this "11" FIFA program also had the most preventative effects. Warm-up had a RR of 0.843 (95% CI 0.749 to 0.949 with X of p < 0.05) and showed small prevention. Strength Training RR of 0.97 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.63 with X of p > 0.05) had no preventive effect. Our analysis showed that different exercises have preventive roles in sports injuries. The warm-up FIFA, neuromuscular training, and eccentric training reduced the risk of injury in the intervention group compared to the control group by a high percentage. At the same time, neuromuscular warm-up and FIFA 11 dynamic warm-up also decreased the relative risk of injury in the intervention group. These effects varied among exercise type, injury type, and sport.
运动员在日常训练和实际比赛中每天都面临受伤风险，受影响人群主要是年轻男性。美国疾病控制与预防中心2011 - 2014年关于体育和娱乐相关伤害的报告一直显示，每年在体育和娱乐伤害上花费的资金估计达数百万美元。这些伤害对运动员、团队、医疗系统和公共卫生都产生了重大经济影响。我们制定了一项综述方案。我们列举了纳入和排除标准、损伤定义及检索策略。我们检索了PubMed和SPORTDiscus。然后我们使用森林图对相关入选研究进行荟萃分析。我们在检索策略中使用了各种关键词。这些关键词包括“损伤”“运动”“锻炼”“预防”“技术”以及它们的各种可能组合。检索结果显示，使用这些关键词共命中2516条记录，我们纳入了其中20条结果。对20项试验进行了分析，涉及19712名个体，其中有2855例损伤。离心训练的相对风险（RR）为0.54（95%可信区间为0.395至0.739，p值的X为<0.05），表明干预组的损伤风险比对照组降低了54%。在神经肌肉训练组中，RR为0.682（95%可信区间为0.621至0.749，p值的X为<0.001），表明其干预组亚组的损伤风险比对照组降低了68.2%。此外，国际足球联合会（FIFA）的“11人”方案的RR为0.771，表明通过这组练习损伤降低了77.1%（95%可信区间为0.728至0.816，p值的X为<0.05），并且这个“11人”FIFA方案也具有最大的预防效果。热身的RR为0.843（95%可信区间为0.749至0.949，p值的X为<0.05），显示出较小的预防作用。力量训练的RR为0.97（95%可信区间为0.57至1.63，p值的X>0.05），没有预防效果。我们的分析表明，不同的运动在预防运动损伤方面具有作用。与对照组相比，热身、FIFA训练、神经肌肉训练在干预组中能大幅降低损伤风险。同时，神经肌肉热身和FIFA 11动态热身也降低了干预组的损伤相对风险。这些效果在运动类型、损伤类型和运动项目之间存在差异。
