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来自柠条锦鸡儿的质体甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶的组成型表达增强了质体脂质的不饱和度和转基因拟南芥对冷胁迫、冻胁迫和氧化胁迫的耐受性。

Constitutive expression of chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus enhances unsaturation of chloroplast lipids and tolerance to chilling, freezing and oxidative stress in transgenic Arabidopsis.

机构信息

College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Street, Hohhot, 010018, China.

出版信息

Plant Physiol Biochem. 2019 Oct;143:375-387. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.019. Epub 2019 Jul 20.

Abstract

Chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the first key enzyme determining the unsaturation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in thylakoid membranes and is involved in the tolerance of plants to chilling, heat and high salinity. However, whether the GPAT affects plant tolerance to other stressors has been scarcely reported. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is the only evergreen broadleaf shrub growing in the central Asian desert, and it has a high tolerance to harsh environments, especially extreme cold. This study aimed to characterize the physiological function of AmGPAT from A. mongolicus. The transcription of AmGPAT was markedly induced by cold and drought but differentially suppressed by heat and high salinity in the laboratory-cultured seedlings. The gene also had the highest transcription levels in the leaves of shrubs naturally growing in the wild during the late autumn and winter months throughout the year. Moreover, AmGPAT was most abundantly expressed in leaves and immature pods rather than other organs of the shrubs. Constitutive expression of AmGPAT in Arabidopsis increased the levels of cis-unsaturated fatty acids, especially that of linolenic acid (18:3), mainly in PG but also in other chloroplast lipids in transgenic lines. More importantly, the transgene significantly increased the tolerance of the transgenics not only to chilling but also to freezing and oxidative stress at both the cellular and whole-plant levels. In contrast, this gene reduced heat tolerance of the transgenic plants. This study improves the current understanding of chloroplast GPAT in plant tolerance against abiotic stressors through regulating the unsaturation of chloroplast lipids, mainly that of PG.

摘要

叶绿体甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶(GPAT)是决定类囊体膜中磷脂酰甘油(PG)不饱和程度的第一个关键酶,参与植物对冷、热和高盐的耐受。然而,GPAT 是否影响植物对其他胁迫的耐受能力还鲜有报道。柠条是中亚荒漠唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,具有很强的耐逆性,尤其是耐严寒。本研究旨在鉴定柠条 AmGPAT 的生理功能。AmGPAT 的转录在实验室培养的幼苗中明显受到冷和干旱的诱导,但受到热和高盐的差异抑制。该基因在全年深秋和冬季自然生长在野外的灌木叶片中的转录水平最高。此外,AmGPAT 在叶片和未成熟的豆荚中表达最丰富,而不是灌木的其他器官。在拟南芥中组成性表达 AmGPAT 增加了顺式不饱和脂肪酸的水平,特别是亚油酸(18:3),主要在 PG 中,但也在其他叶绿体脂质中。更重要的是,该转基因显著提高了转基因植物对冷胁迫以及细胞和全植物水平冷冻和氧化胁迫的耐受性。相比之下,该基因降低了转基因植物的耐热性。本研究通过调节叶绿体脂质,特别是 PG 的不饱和程度,提高了对非生物胁迫的植物耐受力中叶绿体 GPAT 的认识。

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