Kings College London, United Kingdom.
Dent Mater. 2020 Jan;36(1):25-42. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.106. Epub 2019 Sep 19.
Overview the development of human tooth; enamel, dentoenamel junction and dentin in regard to hierarchical structure property relationships and how these component structures can serve as templates for the design of tough materials.
The dental, engineering and ceramic literature (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar) covering the last 20years was over viewed regarding enamel and dentin characterization, structure-property studies, as well as, publications related to bioinspired materials with relationship to tooth structure. Relevant publications were selected for inclusion.
Enamel has been studied and modelled at 3 hierarchical levels, prism structure, parallel prism interactions and enamel decussation effects. Missing is a 4th level where the previous three hierarchies are combined with the 3D arrangement of these levels in enamel areas. Aspects of the enamel prism infrastructure and prism decussation have been used in 3D printing of Bouligand ceramic structures. The dento-enamel junction serves to arrest cracks and reduce the stress in enamel as a graded elastic modulus layer, leading to development of dental ceramics with increased strength and fatigue resistance. Dentin is a compliant structure that supports enamel mechanically and may, through providing interstitial fluid at the DEJ, allow repair of microcracks in enamel. Adequate models of dentin properties remain to be developed as it remains highly variable in tubule lumen size and the degree of mineral density around and between tubules.
The structure of teeth, particularly the 4 hierarchical levels of enamel, creates a vital, hard, tough damage tolerant system for inspiring new materials.
概述人类牙齿、牙釉质、牙釉质牙本质界和牙本质在层次结构特性关系方面的发展，以及这些组成结构如何作为设计坚韧材料的模板。
综述了过去 20 年中有关牙釉质和牙本质特性、结构-性能研究以及与牙齿结构相关的仿生材料的出版物，涵盖了牙科、工程和陶瓷文献（PubMed、Science Direct、Google Scholar）。选择了相关出版物进行纳入。
牙釉质已经在 3 个层次水平上进行了研究和建模，即棱柱结构、平行棱柱相互作用和釉质交错效应。缺少的是第四个层次，即前三个层次与釉质区域中这些层次的 3D 排列相结合。釉质棱柱基础设施和棱柱交错的某些方面已用于 Bouligand 陶瓷结构的 3D 打印。牙釉质牙本质界作为一个渐变弹性模量层，可以阻止裂纹并减少牙釉质中的应力，从而开发出具有更高强度和耐疲劳性的牙科陶瓷。牙本质是一种顺应性结构，在机械上支撑牙釉质，并通过在 DEJ 处提供间质液，允许牙釉质中的微裂纹修复。牙本质的特性仍然需要充分建模，因为牙本质的管腔大小和管周围及管之间的矿物质密度存在高度变异性。
牙齿的结构，特别是牙釉质的 4 个层次结构，为启发新材料提供了一个重要的、坚硬的、坚韧的、耐损伤的系统。
