Uikey Deepika, Joshi Rima, Shah Bela J, Verma Nikhil
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, B. J. Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2019 Sep-Oct;64(5):383-388. doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_496_18.
In India, leprosy still continues to be one of the major public health problems and demands a continuous awareness for its eradication. The reduction of the load of infection is the cornerstone of leprosy control.
The aim of the present study was to enumerate the epidemiology of leprosy in the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat.
Three hundred new cases of leprosy (multidrug therapy cases) and patients who had completed antileprosy treatment and developed new signs and symptoms after that during the period from June 2010 to December 2012 were included in the study. A detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant tests were done.
Out of a total of 300 patients, male-to-female ratio was 2.1:1. Family history was positive in 4.3% of patients. Lepromatous leprosy was seen in 27.3%, pure neuritic leprosy occurred in 12 (3.9%), and smear positivity was seen in (44.6%). Thirty (10%) patients developed type 1 reaction and 32 (10.6%) patients had type 2 reaction. Nearly 1.3% of the cases were relapsing cases.
The study had geographical limitation and the study did not cater the whole population but only the cases who reported to the hospital. Hence, the social stigma factor associated with leprosy could not be annulled.
Leprosy still prevails and adequate knowledge and clinical skills, sensitive diagnostic tools and proper supply of medicines from the medical end and early reporting of symptoms, compliance regarding medicine intake, and social awareness to null social stigma associated with it from the patient's end may bring the country as a whole to the target of leprosy elimination.
在印度，麻风病仍然是主要的公共卫生问题之一，需要持续提高对其根除的认识。减少感染负担是麻风病控制的基石。
本研究的目的是列举古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德地区麻风病的流行病学情况。
本研究纳入了2010年6月至2012年12月期间300例新的麻风病病例（接受多药治疗的病例）以及完成抗麻风病治疗后出现新体征和症状的患者。进行了详细的病史询问、临床检查和相关检测。
在总共300例患者中，男女比例为2.1:1。4.3%的患者有家族史。瘤型麻风占27.3%，纯神经炎型麻风有12例（3.9%），涂片阳性率为44.6%。30例（10%）患者发生1型反应，32例（10.6%）患者发生2型反应。近1.3% 的病例为复发病例。
本研究有地域局限性，且未涵盖全部人群，仅纳入了到医院就诊的病例。因此，与麻风病相关的社会耻辱因素无法消除。
麻风病仍然流行，具备足够的知识和临床技能、灵敏的诊断工具、医疗端药品的妥善供应以及患者端症状的早期报告、药物服用的依从性和消除与之相关的社会耻辱的社会意识，可能会使整个国家实现消除麻风病的目标。
