Gajewska Teresa, Malinowski Mateusz, Szkoda Maciej
Institute of Rail Vehicles, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization. Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Cracow, ul. Balicka 116b, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Sep 19;12(18):3039. doi: 10.3390/ma12183039.
Alternative fuels (refuse-derived fuels-RDF) have been a substitute for fossil fuels in cement production for many years. RDF are produced from various materials characterized by high calorific value. Due to the possibility of self-ignition in the pile of stored alternative fuel, treatments are carried out to help protect entrepreneurs against material losses and employees against loss of health or life. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the ability to self-heat this material. Three variants of materials (alternative fuel produced on the basis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) and on the basis of bulky waste (mainly varnished wood and textiles) and residues from selective collection waste (mainly plastics and tires) were adopted for the analysis. The novelty of the proposed solution consists in processing the analyzed materials inside the innovative ecological waste apparatus bioreactor (EWA), which results in increased process efficiency and shortening its duration. The passive thermography technique was used to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the decrease in the self-heating ability of RDF. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was clear that the biodrying process inhibited the self-heating of alternative fuel. The temperature of the stored fuel reached over 60 °C before the biodrying process. However, after the biodrying process, the maximum temperatures in each of the variants were about 30 °C, which indicates a decrease in the activity of microorganisms and the lack of self-ignition risk. The maximum temperatures obtained (>71 °C), the time to reach them (≈4 h), and the duration of the thermophilic phase (≈65 h) are much shorter than in the studies of other authors, where the duration of the thermophilic phase was over 80 h.
多年来，替代燃料（垃圾衍生燃料-RDF）一直是水泥生产中化石燃料的替代品。RDF由各种具有高热值的材料制成。由于储存的替代燃料堆存在自燃的可能性，因此需要采取处理措施，以帮助保护企业免受物质损失，并保护员工的健康和生命安全。本研究的目的是评估替代燃料生物干燥对这种材料自热能力的影响。分析采用了三种材料变体（基于混合城市固体废物（MSW）生产的替代燃料、基于大件垃圾（主要是涂漆木材和纺织品）生产的替代燃料以及选择性收集废物（主要是塑料和轮胎）的残渣）。所提出解决方案的新颖之处在于在创新的生态废物处理装置生物反应器（EWA）内对分析材料进行处理，这提高了处理效率并缩短了处理时间。采用被动热成像技术评估替代燃料生物干燥对RDF自热能力降低的影响。分析结果表明，生物干燥过程抑制了替代燃料的自热。在生物干燥过程之前，储存燃料的温度超过60°C。然而，在生物干燥过程之后，每个变体中的最高温度约为30°C，这表明微生物活性降低且不存在自燃风险。所获得的最高温度（>71°C）、达到最高温度的时间（≈4小时）以及嗜热阶段的持续时间（≈65小时）比其他作者的研究要短得多，其他作者研究中嗜热阶段的持续时间超过80小时。
