School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay Dundee, Bell Street, Dundee DD11HG, UK.
Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Nov-Dec;29(6):768-80. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.005. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
Ultrasound (US) has become a ubiquitous technological process in a large variety of scientific disciplines. However, little information exists on the use of ultrasound to enhance biological processes and/or processing and consequently this paper provides an overview of work reported to date on this topic. This review provides a brief introduction to ultrasound and the history of ultrasound as applied to bioprocesses. This is followed by a discussion of the influence of US on discrete enzyme systems, enzymes used in bioremediation, microbial fermentations and enzymatic hydrolysis of biopolymers. Augmentation of anaerobic digestion by US is then considered along with enhancement of enzymes in food science and technology. The use of ultrasonically stimulated enzymes in synthesis is then considered and other relevant miscellaneous topics are described. It is concluded that the precise mechanism of action of US in bio-processing remains to be elucidated though a variety of plausible suggestions are made.
超声（US）已经成为各种科学领域中无处不在的技术过程。然而，关于利用超声来增强生物过程和/或处理过程的信息却很少，因此本文就这一主题的现有工作进行了综述。本文简要介绍了超声及其在生物工艺中的应用历史。接着讨论了超声对离散酶系统、生物修复中使用的酶、微生物发酵和生物聚合物的酶解的影响。然后考虑了超声对厌氧消化的增强作用，以及超声在食品科学和技术中对酶的增强作用。接着考虑了超声刺激酶在合成中的应用，并描述了其他相关的杂项课题。结论是，超声在生物加工中的确切作用机制仍有待阐明，尽管提出了各种合理的假设。
