Wilmschen Sarah, Schmitz Joern E, Kimpel Janine
Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2019 Sep 19;7(3):119. doi: 10.3390/vaccines7030119.
Extensive research on generating an efficient HIV vaccine is ongoing. A major aim of HIV vaccines is the induction of long-lasting, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that can confer sterile immunity for a prolonged period of time. Several strategies have been explored to reach this goal, i.e. protein immunization, DNA, or viral vectors, or a combination thereof. In this review, we give an overview of approaches using viral vectors for the induction of HIV-specific bnAbs. Many pre-clinical studies were performed using various replication-competent and -incompetent vectors. Amongst them, poxviral and adenoviral vectors were the most prevalent ones. In many studies, viral vectors were combined with a DNA prime or a protein boost. However, neutralizing antibodies were mainly induced against the homologous HIV-1 vaccine strain or tier 1 viruses, and in rare cases, against tier 2 viruses, indicating the need for improved antigens and vaccination strategies. Furthermore, we also review next generation Env antigens that are currently being used in protein vaccination approaches and point out how they could be utilized in viral vectors.
目前正在对研发高效的HIV疫苗进行广泛研究。HIV疫苗的一个主要目标是诱导产生持久的、广泛中和抗体（bnAbs），这种抗体能够在较长时间内提供无菌免疫。为实现这一目标，人们探索了多种策略，即蛋白质免疫、DNA或病毒载体，或它们的组合。在本综述中，我们概述了使用病毒载体诱导HIV特异性bnAbs的方法。许多临床前研究使用了各种具有复制能力和无复制能力的载体。其中，痘病毒载体和腺病毒载体最为普遍。在许多研究中，病毒载体与DNA初免或蛋白质加强免疫相结合。然而，中和抗体主要是针对同源HIV-1疫苗株或1级病毒诱导产生的，在极少数情况下是针对2级病毒诱导产生的，这表明需要改进抗原和疫苗接种策略。此外，我们还综述了目前蛋白质疫苗接种方法中使用的下一代Env抗原，并指出它们如何在病毒载体中得到应用。
