Benelli Giovanni, Lucchi Andrea, Thomson Donald, Ioriatti Claudio
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Pacific Biocontrol Corporation, 14615 NE 13th Court Suite A Vancouver, WA 98685, USA.
Insects. 2019 Sep 20;10(10):308. doi: 10.3390/insects10100308.
Pheromone-mediated mating disruption (MD) represents an important tool to manage insect pests in agriculture and forestry. MD relies on the release of synthetic sex pheromones from dispensers in crops, interfering with mate finding and reproduction of a pest through both competitive and non-competitive mechanisms. MD programs primarily rely upon "passive" dispensers, used at high densities per hectare (200-3000 units∙ha). In addition to the labor required for their application, another disadvantage of "passive" dispensers is the continuous release of pheromones, regardless of the time of day or the pest flight activity. Aerosol delivery systems can overcome the drawbacks of passive dispensers as they are applied at far lower density (2-5 units∙ha) and they can be programmed to release pheromones at selected time intervals when the target pest is active. However, the mode of action of aerosol dispensers is still not well understood and there are concerns of whether they are as effective as passive dispensers. This review focuses on the history of aerosol dispensers, mode of action, and effectiveness on various crops; deployment strategies; and the movement of pheromone once released. Limitations of aerosols and challenges for future research and commercial use are discussed.
信息素介导的交配干扰（MD）是农林害虫治理的一项重要手段。MD依靠在作物中从分发器释放合成性信息素，通过竞争和非竞争机制干扰害虫的配偶寻找和繁殖。MD计划主要依赖“被动”分发器，每公顷以高密度（200 - 3000个单位·公顷）使用。除了应用所需的劳动力外，“被动”分发器的另一个缺点是信息素持续释放，无论白天的时间或害虫的飞行活动情况。气溶胶释放系统可以克服被动分发器的缺点，因为它们以低得多的密度（2 - 5个单位·公顷）应用，并且可以编程为在目标害虫活跃时的选定时间间隔释放信息素。然而，气溶胶分发器的作用方式仍未得到很好的理解，并且存在它们是否与被动分发器一样有效的担忧。本综述重点关注气溶胶分发器的历史、作用方式、对各种作物的有效性；部署策略；以及信息素释放后的扩散情况。讨论了气溶胶的局限性以及未来研究和商业应用面临的挑战。
