Oksman Elli, Rosenström Tom, Gluschkoff Kia, Saarinen Aino, Hintsanen Mirka, Pulkki-Råback Laura, Viikari Jorma, Raitakari Olli Tuomas, Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa
Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Front Psychol. 2019 Sep 10;10:2060. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02060. eCollection 2019.
Sociability is a widely studied trait that has been linked both with individual well- and ill-being. Although early childcare has been shown to affect social competence in children, its role in the development of different aspects of adulthood sociability is poorly understood. Using a longitudinal population-based sample ( = 464), this study investigated whether childcare arrangements at ages 3 or 6 are associated with self-reported adulthood sociability at ages 20 to 35 years. A total of five aspects of sociability were measured using three well-established personality inventories (EAS, NEO-FFI, and TCI). Multilevel modeling was applied to examine the association between early care and adulthood sociability, adjusting for several sources of random variation (between-individual variance, within-individual variance between measurement times, variance between used sociability indicators, and error variance that cannot be attributed to the previously mentioned) and potential confounders (disruptive behavior in childhood, parental socio-economic status, parent-child relationship quality, maternal age, and the number of children in the family). Based on our results, in comparison to home care, family daycare and center-based daycare at age 3 and center-based daycare at age 6 were associated with higher sociability later in life. The association was strongest for aspects of sociability that emphasize the willingness to be surrounded by other people and to be attached to them. In other words, characteristics of early care may contribute uniquely to the development of these aspects of sociability with effects that persist into adult life.
社交性是一个被广泛研究的特质，它与个体的幸福和不幸都有关联。虽然早期儿童保育已被证明会影响儿童的社交能力，但其在成年期社交性不同方面发展中的作用却鲜为人知。本研究使用基于人群的纵向样本（n = 464），调查3岁或6岁时的儿童保育安排是否与20至35岁时自我报告的成年期社交性相关。使用三种成熟的人格量表（EAS、NEO-FFI和TCI）对社交性的五个方面进行了测量。应用多水平模型来检验早期保育与成年期社交性之间的关联，并对几种随机变异来源（个体间变异、测量时间内个体内变异、所用社交性指标间变异以及无法归因于上述因素的误差变异）和潜在混杂因素（儿童期的破坏性行为、父母的社会经济地位、亲子关系质量、母亲年龄和家庭子女数量）进行了调整。根据我们的结果，与家庭照料相比，3岁时的家庭日托和中心日托以及6岁时的中心日托与后期更高的社交性相关。对于强调愿意被他人包围并与之建立联系的社交性方面，这种关联最为强烈。换句话说，早期保育的特点可能对这些社交性方面的发展有独特贡献，且这种影响会持续到成年生活。
