Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
Front Immunol. 2019 Sep 10;10:2113. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02113. eCollection 2019.
The intestine has a major role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and gut barrier is the first defense line against harmful pathogens. Alteration of the intestinal barrier is associated with enhanced intestinal permeability and development of numerous pathological diseases including gastrointestinal and cardiometabolic diseases. Among the metabolites that play an important role within intestinal health, L Tryptophan (Trp) is one of the nine essential amino acids supplied by diet, whose metabolism appears as a key modulator of gut microbiota, with major impacts on physiological, and pathological pathways. Recently, emerging evidence showed that the Trp catabolism through one major enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expressed by the host affects Trp metabolism by gut microbiota to generate indole metabolites, thereby altering gut function and health in mice and humans. In this mini review, I summarize the most recent advances concerning the role of Trp metabolism in host-microbiota cross-talk in health, and metabolic diseases. This novel aspect of IDO1 function in intestine will better explain its complex roles in a broad range of disease states where the gut function affects local as well as systemic health, and will open new therapeutic strategies.
肠道在营养物质的消化和吸收中起着重要作用，肠道屏障是抵御有害病原体的第一道防线。肠道屏障的改变与肠道通透性的增强以及包括胃肠道和心脏代谢疾病在内的许多病理疾病的发展有关。在对肠道健康起重要作用的代谢物中，L-色氨酸（Trp）是饮食提供的九种必需氨基酸之一，其代谢似乎是肠道微生物群的关键调节剂，对生理和病理途径有重大影响。最近的证据表明，宿主表达的色氨酸 2,3-双加氧酶 1（IDO1）通过色氨酸代谢途径影响色氨酸代谢，通过肠道微生物群生成吲哚代谢物，从而改变小鼠和人类的肠道功能和健康。在这篇迷你综述中，我总结了色氨酸代谢在宿主-微生物群相互作用中的最新进展，包括健康和代谢疾病。IDO1 在肠道中的这种新功能将更好地解释其在广泛的疾病状态中的复杂作用，其中肠道功能会影响局部和全身健康，并将开辟新的治疗策略。
