Junior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2019 Jul-Sep;63(3):171-177. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_159_19.
Overweight among adolescents has high prevalence on the eastern part of India, especially West Bengal.
The current study was conducted to estimate and compare the effects of different dietary habits and habits related to physical activity in the development of overweight and obesity among rural schoolgoing adolescents.
A prospective repeated measures study was conducted on 645 schoolgoing adolescents from selected rural government-aided schools from June 2017 to December 2017. Dietary habits of the students and physical activity-related factors were the major predictors. Adjusting for the age and sex of the participants, effect of these factors on the development of overweight and obesity was analyzed by generalized estimating equations for 2 repeated measures, taken 6 months apart.
Most of the respondents were aged ≥16 years (56.90%), female (52.87%), Hindu (76.74%), from a nuclear family (76.74%), and studying in the secondary level (57.68%). There was a stark rise in proportion of overweight from 0.93% to 7.44%. The prevalence of unhealthy dietary habits was 68.99% at the baseline, and 66.82% on follow-up. The overall prevalence of inadequate physical activity increased to 48.68% from 47.91%. Female gender and older age group were at higher risk of being overweight or obesity. Overall fast food showed highest risk (3.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86-4.95), while among the boys, it was with less vegetable consumption (4.64, 95% CI: 1.84-11.69).
Strong evidence was generated of dietary practices being more rigidly related to overweight among the adolescents. Healthy dietary practices coupled with physical activity should be promoted to mitigate the risk of obesity.
超重在印度东部，尤其是西孟加拉邦，青少年中普遍存在。
本研究旨在评估和比较不同饮食习惯和与体力活动相关的习惯对农村在校青少年超重和肥胖发展的影响。
2017 年 6 月至 2017 年 12 月，对来自选定的农村政府资助学校的 645 名在校青少年进行了前瞻性重复测量研究。学生的饮食习惯和与体力活动相关的因素是主要预测因素。调整参与者的年龄和性别后，通过广义估计方程分析了这两个因素在 6 个月间隔的 2 次重复测量中对超重和肥胖发展的影响。
大多数受访者年龄≥16 岁（56.90%）、女性（52.87%）、印度教徒（76.74%）、来自核心家庭（76.74%）和中学水平（57.68%）。超重的比例从 0.93%急剧上升到 7.44%。基线时不健康饮食习惯的患病率为 68.99%，随访时为 66.82%。整体上，体力活动不足的患病率从 47.91%增加到 48.68%。女性和年龄较大的青少年超重或肥胖的风险更高。总体而言，快餐的风险最高（3.04，95%置信区间[CI]：1.86-4.95），而对于男孩来说，蔬菜摄入量较少的风险更高（4.64，95%CI：1.84-11.69）。
有强有力的证据表明，青少年的饮食习惯与超重的关系更为紧密。应提倡健康的饮食习惯和体力活动，以降低肥胖的风险。
