Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
Food Res Int. 2019 Nov;125:108565. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108565. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Inflammation has been revealed to play a central role in the onset and progression of many illnesses. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics method was adopted to evaluate the effects of Phoenix dactylifera seeds, in particular the Algerian date variety of Deglet on the metabolome of the LPS-IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Variations in the extracellular and intracellular profiles emphasized the differences in the presence of tyrosine, phenylalanine, alanine, proline, asparagine, isocitrate, inosine and lysine. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed noticeable clustering patterns between the treated and induced RAW cells based on the metabolic profile of the extracellular metabolites. However, the effects of treatment on the intracellular metabolites appears to be less distinct as suggested by the PCA and heatmap analyses. A clear group segregation was observed for the intracellular metabolites from the treated and induced cells based on the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot. Likewise, 11 of the metabolites in the treated cells were significantly different from those in the induced groups, including amino acids and succinate. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that treatment with Deglet seed extracts interfered with the energy and of amino acids metabolism. Overall, the obtained data reinforced the possible application of Deglet seeds as a functional food with anti-inflammatory properties.
炎症被发现在许多疾病的发生和发展中起着核心作用。本研究采用基于核磁共振（NMR）的代谢组学方法来评估 Phoenix dactylifera 种子（特别是阿尔及利亚 Deglet 枣品种）对 LPS-IFN-γ 诱导的 RAW 264.7 细胞代谢组的影响。细胞外和细胞内轮廓的变化强调了酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、天冬酰胺、异柠檬酸、肌苷和赖氨酸存在的差异。主成分分析（PCA）根据细胞外代谢物的代谢谱揭示了处理和诱导 RAW 细胞之间明显的聚类模式。然而，PCA 和热图分析表明，治疗对细胞内代谢物的影响似乎不那么明显。基于正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）得分图，观察到处理和诱导细胞的细胞内代谢物明显分组。同样，在处理细胞中，有 11 种代谢物与诱导组中的代谢物明显不同，包括氨基酸和琥珀酸。富集分析表明，Deglet 种子提取物的处理干扰了能量和氨基酸代谢。总体而言，获得的数据证实了 Deglet 种子作为具有抗炎特性的功能性食品的可能应用。
