School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2020 Jan;20(1):33-39. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2467. Epub 2019 Sep 26.
More than 75 arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) have been identified in Australia. While Alfuy virus (ALFV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV), Edge Hill virus (EHV), Kokobera virus (KOKV), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), Sindbis virus (SINV), Ross River virus (RRV), Stratford virus (STRV), and West Nile virus strain Kunjin (KUNV) have been associated with human infection, there remains a paucity of data regarding their respective transmission cycles and any potential nonhuman vertebrate hosts. It is likely that these viruses are maintained in zoonotic cycles involving native animals rather than solely by human-to-human transmission. A serosurvey ( = 100) was undertaken to determine the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against a panel of Australian arboviruses in western gray kangaroos () obtained from 11 locations in the midwest to southwest of Western Australia. Neutralizing antibodies against RRV were detected in 25%, against BFV in 14%, and antibodies to both viruses in 34% of serum samples. The prevalence of antibodies against these two viruses was the same in males and females, but higher in adult than in subadult kangaroos ( < 0.05). Twenty-one percent of samples had neutralizing antibodies against any one or more of the flaviviruses ALFV, EHV, KOKV, MVEV, and STRV. No neutralizing antibodies against SINV and KUNV were detected. If this sample of kangaroo sera was representative of the broader Australian population of macropods, it suggests that they are common hosts for RRV and BFV. The absence or low seroprevalence of antibodies against the remaining arboviruses suggests that they are not prevalent in the region or that kangaroos are not commonly infected with them. The detection of neutralizing antibodies to MVEV requires further investigation as this virus has not been identified previously so far south in Western Australia.
在澳大利亚，已经发现了超过 75 种虫媒病毒（节肢动物传播的病毒）。虽然 Alfuy 病毒（ALFV）、Barmah Forest 病毒（BFV）、Edge Hill 病毒（EHV）、Kokobera 病毒（KOKV）、Murray Valley 脑炎病毒（MVEV）、辛德毕斯病毒（SINV）、罗斯河病毒（RRV）、Stratford 病毒（STRV）和西尼罗河病毒株 Kunjin（KUNV）与人类感染有关，但关于它们各自的传播周期和任何潜在的非人类脊椎动物宿主的数据仍然很少。这些病毒很可能在涉及本地动物的人畜共患病循环中得到维持，而不仅仅是通过人与人之间的传播。我们进行了一项血清学调查（ = 100），以确定从西澳大利亚中西部到西南部的 11 个地点获得的西部灰袋鼠（）中针对一组澳大利亚虫媒病毒的中和抗体的流行率。在 25%的血清样本中检测到针对 RRV 的中和抗体，在 14%的样本中检测到针对 BFV 的中和抗体，在 34%的样本中同时检测到针对这两种病毒的抗体。这两种病毒的抗体流行率在雄性和雌性中相同，但在成年袋鼠中高于亚成年袋鼠（ < 0.05）。21%的样本对任何一种或多种黄病毒（ALFV、EHV、KOKV、MVEV 和 STRV）具有中和抗体。未检测到针对 SINV 和 KUNV 的中和抗体。如果这组袋鼠血清代表更广泛的澳大利亚有袋目动物种群，那么这表明它们是 RRV 和 BFV 的常见宿主。针对其余虫媒病毒的抗体缺乏或低血清阳性率表明，这些病毒在该地区并不普遍存在，或者袋鼠通常不会感染这些病毒。MVEV 中和抗体的检测需要进一步调查，因为到目前为止，这种病毒在西澳大利亚南部还没有被发现。
