Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, 8 Abbott Park Place, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2019 Dec 1;54(6):639-646. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agz068.
Alcohol-attributable harm remains high worldwide, and alcohol use among adolescents is particularly concerning. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of national alcohol control policies on adolescent alcohol use in low-, middle- and high-income countries and improve on previous cross-national attempts to estimate the impact of alcohol policy on this population.
Data on adolescent (n = 277,110) alcohol consumption from 84 countries were pooled from the Global School-based Health Survey and the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Alcohol use measures included lifetime alcohol use, current (past 30 days) alcohol use and current (past 30 days) binge drinking. Information on national alcohol control policies was obtained from the World Health Organization's Global Information System on Alcohol and Health and scored for effectiveness. Main effects were estimated using two-level, random intercept hierarchical linear models, and the models were adjusted for sex and age of the participants, and pattern of drinking score, gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity and study at the country level.
Availability (OR [95% CI] = 0.991 [0.983, 0.999]), marketing (OR [95% CI] = 0.994 [0.988, 1.000]) and pricing (OR [95% CI] = 0.955 [0.918, 0.993]) policies were inversely associated with lifetime drinking status. Pricing policies were also inversely associated with current binge drinking status among current drinkers (OR [95% CI] = 0.939 [0.894, 0.986]). There were no associations between the included alcohol policies and current drinking status.
Strong availability, marketing and pricing policies can significantly and practically impact adolescent alcohol consumption.
在全球范围内，与酒精相关的危害仍然很高，青少年饮酒尤其令人担忧。本研究旨在确定国家酒精控制政策对中低收入国家青少年饮酒的影响，并改进以前跨国估计酒精政策对这一人群影响的尝试。
从全球学校健康调查和欧洲学校酒精和其他毒品调查项目中收集了来自 84 个国家的 277,110 名青少年饮酒数据。饮酒测量包括终生饮酒、当前（过去 30 天）饮酒和当前（过去 30 天）狂饮。国家酒精控制政策信息来自世界卫生组织全球酒精和健康信息系统，并按有效性进行评分。使用两层随机截距分层线性模型估计主要效果，并调整了参与者的性别和年龄、饮酒模式评分、基于购买力平价的国内生产总值以及国家层面的研究。
供应（OR [95%CI] = 0.991 [0.983, 0.999]）、营销（OR [95%CI] = 0.994 [0.988, 1.000]）和定价（OR [95%CI] = 0.955 [0.918, 0.993]）政策与终生饮酒状况呈负相关。定价政策也与当前饮酒者的当前狂饮状况呈负相关（OR [95%CI] = 0.939 [0.894, 0.986]）。纳入的酒精政策与当前饮酒状况之间没有关联。
强有力的供应、营销和定价政策可以显著和实际地影响青少年的饮酒行为。
