196995494 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Hum Factors. 2020 Dec;62(8):1265-1285. doi: 10.1177/0018720819874169. Epub 2019 Sep 26.
This research investigates security screeners' knowledge and the effect that differences in knowledge have on the performance of problem-solving activities. We argue that the development of problem-solving knowledge enables security screeners to perform effective problem-solving activity, which assists search and decision-making processes.
Airport security screening research has investigated the many variables that affect security screeners' search and decision making during simulated threat-detection tasks. Although search and decision making are essential aspects of security screening, few studies have investigated the problem-solving knowledge and activities that support security screening task performance.
Sixteen more-experienced and 24 less-experienced security screeners were observed as they performed x-ray screening in the field at an Australian international airport's departure security checkpoint. Participants wore eye-tracking glasses and delivered concurrent verbal protocol.
When interacting with other security screeners, more-experienced screeners demonstrated situational knowledge more than less-experienced screeners, whereas less-experienced screeners experienced more insufficient knowledge. Lag-sequential analysis using combined data from both screener groups showed that situational knowledge facilitated effective problem-solving activity to support search and decision making. Insufficient knowledge led screeners to seek assistance and defer decision making.
This study expands current understandings of airport security screening. It demonstrates that security screeners develop knowledge that is specific to problem solving. This knowledge assists effective problem-solving activity to support search and decision making, and to mitigate uncertainty during the x-ray screening task.
Findings can inform future security screening processes, screener training, and technology support tools. Furthermore, findings are potentially transferable to other domains.
本研究调查了安全检查人员的知识，以及知识差异对解决问题活动表现的影响。我们认为，解决问题知识的发展使安全检查人员能够进行有效的解决问题活动，从而辅助搜索和决策过程。
机场安全检查研究调查了许多变量，这些变量会影响安全检查人员在模拟威胁检测任务中的搜索和决策。虽然搜索和决策是安全检查的重要方面，但很少有研究调查支持安全检查任务表现的解决问题知识和活动。
16 名经验更丰富的和 24 名经验较少的安全检查人员在澳大利亚国际机场出发安检点的现场进行 X 光检查时被观察。参与者佩戴眼动追踪眼镜并同时提供口头报告。
在与其他安全检查人员互动时，经验更丰富的检查人员表现出比经验较少的检查人员更多的情境知识，而经验较少的检查人员则经历了更多的知识不足。使用来自两个检查人员群体的数据进行的滞后序列分析表明，情境知识促进了有效的问题解决活动，以支持搜索和决策。知识不足导致检查人员寻求帮助并推迟决策。
本研究扩展了当前对机场安全检查的理解。它表明安全检查人员开发了专门针对解决问题的知识。这些知识有助于有效的问题解决活动，以支持搜索和决策，并减轻 X 光检查任务中的不确定性。
研究结果可以为未来的安全检查流程、检查人员培训和技术支持工具提供信息。此外，这些发现可能具有可转移性，可以应用于其他领域。
