Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China.
Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Pharmacol Res. 2020 May;155:104451. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104451. Epub 2019 Sep 23.
Hypertension ranks the most common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and it affects almost one third of adult population globally. Emerging evidence indicates that immune activation is highly involved in the entire progress of hypertension and end organ damage. In addition to immunity, autonomic nervous system, particularly sympathetic nervous system, is one of the most conserved systems to maintain body homeostasis. Immune and sympathetic activities are found simultaneously increased in hypertension, suggesting a synergistic action of these two systems in the progression of this disease. Microglia, the primary immune cells in the central nervous system, have been suggested in the regulation of sympathetic outflow; depletion of microglia alters neuroinflammation and pressor responses in hypertensive models. In this review, we firstly updated the current understanding on microglial ontogeny and functions in both steady state and diseases. Then we reviewed on the interaction between autonomic nervous system and peripheral immunity in hypertension. Microglia bridge the central and peripheral inflammation via regulating the sympathetic nerve activity in hypertension. Future exploration of the molecular linkage of this pathway may provide novel therapeutic angel for hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases.
高血压是心血管疾病最常见的危险因素之一，全球几乎有三分之一的成年人受到影响。新出现的证据表明，免疫激活在高血压的整个发病过程和靶器官损害中起着重要作用。除了免疫系统，自主神经系统，特别是交感神经系统，是维持身体内环境稳定的最保守系统之一。在高血压中同时发现免疫和交感活动增加，提示这两个系统在疾病进展中具有协同作用。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中的主要免疫细胞，被认为在交感传出的调节中起作用；小胶质细胞耗竭会改变高血压模型中的神经炎症和升压反应。在这篇综述中，我们首先更新了对小胶质细胞在稳态和疾病中的发生和功能的现有认识。然后，我们回顾了自主神经系统和外周免疫在高血压中的相互作用。小胶质细胞通过调节高血压中的交感神经活动，在中枢和外周炎症之间架起了桥梁。对该途径的分子联系的进一步探索可能为高血压和相关心血管疾病提供新的治疗角度。
