Lashkari Mohammadreza, Burckhardt Daniel, Shamsi Gushki Roghayeh
Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, 4001Basel, Switzerland.
Bull Entomol Res. 2020 Apr;110(2):259-269. doi: 10.1017/S0007485319000555. Epub 2019 Sep 27.
Species of Agonoscena (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) are key pests of pistachio in all of the most important pistachio producing countries in the Old World. The efficiency and accuracy of DNA barcoding for the identification of Agonoscena species were tested using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCO1) and cytochrome b (cytb) gene sequences. Moreover, morphometric sexual dimorphism was studied. Finally, the potential geographical distribution of Agonoscena pistaciae, the most important pistachio pest, was calculated using the MaxEnt model. Similar relationships of clustering were found in the morphometric analysis and the molecular analyses with mtCO1 and cytb genes, with A. bimaculata and A. pistaciae being closely related, and A. pegani constituting their sister group. Although the results showed that the cytb gene is a better marker for barcoding in this group, the mtCO1 gene clearly separates the three psyllid species making mtCO1 suitable for diagnostic purposes. A geometric morphometric analysis showed that the distance between landmark number 7 (bifurcation of vein M) to the fore margin of the forewing, and the distance between landmarks number 6 (apex of vein Cu1b) and 11 (wing base), are the most important geometric characters for diagnosing the studied species. Moreover, the forewing shape of males vs females is similar in A. pistaciae and A. bimaculata but differs significantly in A. pegani. In the ecological niche modeling of the distribution of A. pistaciae, the most important contribution was made by the variable 'minimum temperature of coldest period'. The most suitable areas for A. pistaciae are restricted to Eastern, Southern and some parts of Central Iran.
在旧世界所有最重要的开心果生产国中，阿霍叶蝉属（半翅目：叶蝉科）的物种是开心果的主要害虫。利用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1（mtCO1）和细胞色素b（cytb）基因序列，测试了DNA条形码识别阿霍叶蝉属物种的效率和准确性。此外，还研究了形态测量的两性异形。最后，使用最大熵模型计算了最重要的开心果害虫——黄连木叶蝉的潜在地理分布。在形态测量分析以及mtCO1和cytb基因的分子分析中发现了相似的聚类关系，双斑阿霍叶蝉和黄连木叶蝉亲缘关系密切，佩氏阿霍叶蝉构成它们的姐妹群。虽然结果表明cytb基因是该类群中更好的条形码标记，但mtCO1基因能清晰区分这三种叶蝉物种，使其适用于诊断目的。几何形态测量分析表明，地标7（M脉分叉处）到前翅前缘的距离，以及地标6（Cu1b脉顶端）和11（翅基部）之间的距离，是诊断所研究物种最重要的几何特征。此外，黄连木叶蝉和双斑阿霍叶蝉的雄性和雌性前翅形状相似，但佩氏阿霍叶蝉的两性前翅形状差异显著。在黄连木叶蝉分布的生态位建模中，“最冷月最低温度”变量的贡献最大。黄连木叶蝉最适宜的区域局限于伊朗东部、南部和中部的一些地区。
