Pramatarova Monika, Burckhardt Daniel, Malenovský Igor, Gjonov Ilia, Schuler Hannes, Štarhová Serbina Liliya
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, Dragan Tzankov 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, 4001 Basel, Switzerland.
Insects. 2024 Sep 10;15(9):683. doi: 10.3390/insects15090683.
Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are plant sap-sucking insects whose identification is often difficult for non-experts. Despite the rapid development of DNA barcoding techniques and their widespread use, only a limited number of sequences of psyllids are available in the public databases, and those that are available are often misidentified. Here, we provide 80 sequences of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase I () and cytochrome b (), for 25 species of Aphalaridae, mainly from Bulgaria. The DNA barcodes for 15 of these species are published for the first time. In cases where standard primers failed to amplify the target gene fragment, we designed new primers that can be used in future studies. The distance-based thresholds for the analysed species were between 0.0015 and 0.3415 for and 0.0771 and 0.4721 for , indicating that the gene has a higher interspecific divergence, compared to , and therefore allows for more accurate species identification. The species delimitation based on DNA barcodes is largely consistent with the differences resulting from morphological and host plant data, demonstrating that the use of DNA barcodes is suitable for successful identification of most aphalarid species studied. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, while showing similar results at high taxonomic levels to previously published phylogenies, provides additional information on the placement of aphalarids at the species level. The following five species represent new records for Bulgaria: , , , , and . is reported for the first time from the Czech Republic, while is reported for the first time from Albania.
木虱（半翅目：木虱总科）是吸食植物汁液的昆虫，非专业人员往往难以对其进行鉴定。尽管DNA条形码技术发展迅速且应用广泛，但公共数据库中木虱的序列数量有限，而且现有序列常常存在错误鉴定的情况。在此，我们提供了主要来自保加利亚的25种蚜木虱科昆虫的两个线粒体基因（细胞色素c氧化酶I（）和细胞色素b（））的80条序列。其中15个物种的DNA条形码是首次公布。在标准引物无法扩增目标基因片段的情况下，我们设计了可用于未来研究的新引物。分析物种的基于距离的阈值，细胞色素c氧化酶I（）在0.0015至0.3415之间，细胞色素b（）在0.0771至0.4721之间，这表明细胞色素c氧化酶I（）基因与细胞色素b（）相比种间差异更大，因此能实现更准确的物种鉴定。基于DNA条形码的物种界定在很大程度上与形态学和寄主植物数据所产生的差异一致，这表明使用DNA条形码适用于成功鉴定大多数所研究的蚜木虱科物种。基于最大似然法和贝叶斯推断分析的系统发育重建，虽然在高分类水平上显示出与先前发表的系统发育相似的结果，但提供了蚜木虱科在物种水平上位置的额外信息。以下5个物种是保加利亚的新记录： 、 、 、 和 。 首次在捷克共和国被报道，而 首次在阿尔巴尼亚被报道。
