Université de Toulouse.
CNRS, Toulouse.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2020 Jan;32(1):50-64. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01468. Epub 2019 Sep 27.
Unlike familiarity, recollection involves the ability to reconstruct mentally previous events that results in a strong sense of reliving. According to the reinstatement hypothesis, this specific feature emerges from the reactivation of cortical patterns involved during information exposure. Over time, the retrieval of specific details becomes more difficult, and memories become increasingly supported by familiarity judgments. The multiple trace theory (MTT) explains the gradual loss of episodic details by a transformation in the memory representation, a view that is not shared by the standard consolidation model. In this study, we tested the MTT in light of the reinstatement hypothesis. The temporal dynamics of mental imagery from long-term memory were investigated and tracked over the passage of time. Participant EEG activity was recorded during the recall of short audiovisual clips that had been watched 3 weeks, 1 day, or a few hours beforehand. The recall of the audiovisual clips was assessed using a Remember/Know/New procedure, and snapshots of clips were used as recall cues. The decoding matrices obtained from the multivariate pattern analyses revealed sustained patterns that occurred at long latencies (>500 msec poststimulus onset) that faded away over the retention intervals and that emerged from the same neural processes. Overall, our data provide further evidence toward the MTT and give new insights into the exploration of our "mind's eye."
与熟悉感不同，回忆涉及到在心理上重建先前事件的能力，从而产生强烈的再体验感。根据恢复假说，这一特定特征源于信息暴露过程中涉及的皮质模式的重新激活。随着时间的推移，特定细节的检索变得越来越困难，记忆越来越依赖于熟悉感判断。多重痕迹理论（MTT）通过记忆表示的转变来解释情节细节的逐渐丧失，而这一观点并不被标准巩固模型所认同。在这项研究中，我们根据恢复假说检验了 MTT。研究了来自长期记忆的心理意象的时间动态，并随着时间的推移进行了跟踪。在回忆 3 周、1 天或数小时前观看的短视听片段时，记录了参与者的 EEG 活动。使用“记得/知道/新”程序评估视听片段的回忆，并用片段快照作为回忆线索。从多元模式分析中获得的解码矩阵揭示了在长潜伏期（刺激后 500 毫秒以上）持续出现的模式，这些模式在保留间隔中逐渐消失，并由相同的神经过程产生。总的来说，我们的数据为 MTT 提供了进一步的证据，并为探索我们的“心灵之眼”提供了新的见解。
