Greenberg Daniel L, Knowlton Barbara J
Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC, 29424, USA,
Mem Cognit. 2014 Aug;42(6):922-34. doi: 10.3758/s13421-014-0402-5.
Visual imagery plays a fundamental role in autobiographical memory, but several aspects of this role remain unclear. We conducted three experiments to explore this relationship. In the first experiment, we examined the relation between the phenomenological properties of autobiographical memory and several measures of visual-imagery ability. We found no significant positive relation between imagery ability and autobiographical memory, except on a measure of cognitive style. In a second experiment, we examined the autobiographical memories of people with different cognitive styles-namely, visualizers and verbalizers. We found that, for both kinds of participant, visual imagery was correlated with the feeling that they were reliving their memories, but auditory imagery played a greater role in verbalizers. In a third experiment, we examined the memories of individuals who had a congenital absence of visual imagery. We found that they had a deficit of auditory imagery, as well; moreover, they were much less likely than controls to feel as though they were reliving their memories. The results support the idea that visual imagery plays a vital and irreplaceable role in autobiographical recall.
视觉表象在自传体记忆中起着基础性作用，但这一作用的几个方面仍不明确。我们进行了三项实验来探究这种关系。在第一个实验中，我们考察了自传体记忆的现象学特性与几种视觉表象能力测量指标之间的关系。我们发现，除了在一种认知风格测量指标上，表象能力与自传体记忆之间没有显著的正相关关系。在第二个实验中，我们考察了具有不同认知风格的人的自传体记忆，即视觉型和言语型。我们发现，对于这两类参与者来说，视觉表象都与他们重温记忆的感觉相关，但听觉表象在言语型参与者中发挥着更大的作用。在第三个实验中，我们考察了先天性缺乏视觉表象的个体的记忆。我们发现他们也存在听觉表象缺陷；此外，与对照组相比，他们感觉自己在重温记忆的可能性要小得多。这些结果支持了视觉表象在自传体回忆中起着至关重要且不可替代作用的观点。
