genes: regulators and biomarkers in gynecological cancers.

genes are transcription factors with roles in multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. genes have also been shown to act as regulators and biomarkers in the progression of many different cancers, including gynecological cancers such as ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer. In this review, we summarize the contrasting regulatory roles of genes in different gynecological cancers, as promotors with high expression levels or as suppressors with low expression levels. Expression levels of genes were also identified as biomarkers of clinical features, including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, histopathologic grade together with disease-free survival, and treatment efficacy in patients with gynecological cancers. An understanding of the mechanisms whereby genes regulate the progression of gynecological cancers will aid in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, while analysis of expression levels will help to predict the prognosis of patients with gynecological cancers.