Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Viruses. 2019 Sep 27;11(10):905. doi: 10.3390/v11100905.
Influenza viruses are important pathogens causing respiratory disease in humans and animals. In contrast to influenza A virus (IAV) that can infect a wide range of animal species, other influenza viruses, including influenza B virus (IBV), influenza C virus (ICV), and influenza D virus (IDV) have a limited host range. Swine can be infected with all four different genera of influenza viruses. IAV infection of pigs causes the well-known swine influenza that poses significant threats to human and animal health. However, influenza virus infection of pigs with IBV, ICV, and IDV are not well-characterized. Herein, we compared pathogenicity of IBV and IDV using intratracheal and intranasal infection of pigs, which are IAV seropositive, and commingled naïve pigs with the infected animals to determine their transmissibility. Both viruses caused fever and some lung lesions, replicated in the lungs of infected pigs, but only IDV transmitted to the contact animals. Although IBV and IDV displayed differing levels of replication in the respiratory tract of infected pigs, no significant differences in pathogenicity of both viruses were observed. These results indicate that both IBV and IDV can replicate, and are pathogenic in pigs.
流感病毒是导致人类和动物呼吸道疾病的重要病原体。与可以感染多种动物物种的甲型流感病毒（IAV）不同，其他流感病毒，包括乙型流感病毒（IBV）、丙型流感病毒（ICV）和丁型流感病毒（IDV），宿主范围有限。猪可以感染这四种不同属的流感病毒。IAV 感染猪会导致著名的猪流感，对人类和动物健康构成重大威胁。然而，IBV、ICV 和 IDV 引起的流感病毒感染猪的情况还没有得到很好的描述。在这里，我们通过气管内和鼻内感染 IAV 血清阳性的猪和与感染动物混合的未感染猪，比较了 IBV 和 IDV 的致病性，以确定它们的传染性。两种病毒都会引起发热和一些肺部病变，在感染猪的肺部复制，但只有 IDV 传播给接触动物。尽管 IBV 和 IDV 在感染猪的呼吸道中显示出不同程度的复制，但两种病毒的致病性没有显著差异。这些结果表明，IBV 和 IDV 都可以在猪体内复制并具有致病性。
