Houlton Tobias M R, Jooste Nicolene, Steyn Maryna
Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
J Forensic Sci. 2020 Mar;65(2):372-379. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14207. Epub 2019 Oct 1.
Standards for estimating mouth width and Cupid's bow width in craniofacial approximation and superimposition are limited. Currently, the only guideline for mouth width, using direct skeletal references, is a general rule indicating a 75% inter-canine to mouth width ratio. The philtrum, which closely corresponds to the Cupid's bow, is said to be equal to the inter-superior prominences of the maxillary central incisors. This study tested these guidelines against newly generated regression models and mean values. Cone-beam CT scans of 120 black and 39 white southern African adults were used. Comparative hard and soft tissue measurements were taken using a 3D DICOM viewer. Regression equations accounting population, sex, and approximate age variables (20-39 and 40+ years), utilizing maxillary inter-canine width to estimate mouth width and maxillary central-lateral incisor junction width to estimate Cupid's bow width, performed statistically best. The regression models were more reliable than existing standards in validation tests.
在颅面近似和叠加中，用于估计口宽和唇弓宽度的标准有限。目前，使用直接骨骼参考来确定口宽的唯一指导原则是一条通用规则，即犬齿间宽度与口宽的比例为75%。人中与唇弓密切对应，据说其长度等于上颌中切牙的上突出点之间的距离。本研究将这些指导原则与新生成的回归模型和均值进行了对比测试。使用了120名南非成年黑人和39名成年白人的锥形束CT扫描图像。使用3D DICOM查看器进行了硬组织和软组织的对比测量。考虑了人群、性别和大致年龄变量（20 - 39岁和40岁以上）的回归方程，利用上颌犬齿间宽度来估计口宽，利用上颌中切牙与侧切牙交界处的宽度来估计唇弓宽度，在统计学上表现最佳。在验证测试中，回归模型比现有标准更可靠。
