Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Pediatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Estácio de Sá. Faculdade de Medicina. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2019 Sep 30;53:80. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001174. eCollection 2019.
To analyze the conception of seropositive young people on how to prevent HIV infection.
This is a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with HIV-positive young people whose diagnosis was made in adolescence 5 years ago or less. We followed a semi-structured script containing sociodemographic data and an open question on HIV/AIDS prevention. The interviews were recorded and fully transcribed, then analyzed with the support of the webQDA software. We used the categories that compose the concept of vulnerability as a theoretical basis for data analysis.
We interviewed 39 young people, 23 girls and 16 boys. Some perceive the prevention of HIV infection only as an individual issue, summarizing it to the use of condoms and self-care. Most of the interlocutors point out educational strategies as the most relevant for prevention but used in a permanent and non-punctual way. In schools, they believe it is necessary to include younger students and their family. Guidelines should be given by people who can use the language of young people and preferably by HIV-positive people, to show the reality of those who have AIDS. In the programmatic field, they suggest intensifying campaigns in the media, distributing condoms in large scale, producing vaccines and medicines that cure. No one mentioned the female condom, the rapid test, nor the availability of sexual and reproductive health care.
The qualification and expansion of communication strategies on sexuality in schools is urgent and essential in HIV and AIDS prevention in adolescence, contrary to the current trend of restricting the discussion of these topics in education policies.
分析血清阳性的年轻人对于预防 HIV 感染的看法。
这是一项定性研究，采用半结构式访谈的方式，对 HIV 阳性的年轻人进行了访谈，这些年轻人的诊断是在 5 年前或更短时间内做出的。我们遵循一个包含社会人口统计学数据和一个关于 HIV/AIDS 预防的开放性问题的半结构化脚本。访谈进行了录音，并完整转录，然后在 webQDA 软件的支持下进行分析。我们使用构成易感性概念的类别作为数据分析的理论基础。
我们共采访了 39 名年轻人，其中 23 名女孩，16 名男孩。一些人认为预防 HIV 感染只是一个个人问题，将其概括为使用避孕套和自我保健。大多数受访者指出，教育策略是预防工作中最相关的，但需要以持续而非偶然的方式实施。他们认为，在学校中，需要让更小的学生及其家庭参与进来。应该由能够使用年轻人语言且最好是 HIV 阳性的人来提供指导方针，以展示那些患有艾滋病的人的现实情况。在计划领域，他们建议在媒体上加强宣传活动，大规模发放避孕套，生产疫苗和治疗药物。没有人提到女用避孕套、快速检测，也没有人提到性健康和生殖健康护理的可及性。
在学校中，有必要紧急且必要地开展有关性行为的沟通策略，以在青少年中预防 HIV 和 AIDS，这与当前在教育政策中限制讨论这些话题的趋势相反。
