Malapit Hazel, Quisumbing Agnes, Meinzen-Dick Ruth, Seymour Greg, Martinez Elena M, Heckert Jessica, Rubin Deborah, Vaz Ana, Yount Kathryn M
International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Cultural Practice, LLC, USA.
World Dev. 2019 Oct;122:675-692. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.018.
With growing commitment to women's empowerment by agricultural development agencies, sound methods and indicators to measure women's empowerment are needed to learn which types of projects or project-implementation strategies do and do not work to empower women. The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), which has been widely used, requires adaptation to meet the need for monitoring projects and assessing their impacts. In this paper, the authors describe the adaptation and validation of a project-level WEAI (or pro-WEAI) that agricultural development projects can use to identify key areas of women's (and men's) disempowerment, design appropriate strategies to address identified deficiencies, and monitor project outcomes related to women's empowerment. The 12 pro-WEAI indicators are mapped to three domains: intrinsic agency (power within), instrumental agency (power to), and collective agency (power with). A gender parity index compares the empowerment scores of men and women in the same household. The authors describe the development of pro-WEAI, including: (1) pro-WEAI's distinctiveness from other versions of the WEAI; (2) the process of piloting pro-WEAI in 13 agricultural development projects during the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, phase 2 (GAAP2); (3) analysis of quantitative data from the GAAP2 projects, including intrahousehold patterns of empowerment/disempowerment; and (4) a summary of the findings from the qualitative work exploring concepts of women's empowerment in the project sites. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from pro-WEAI and possibilities for further development of empowerment metrics.
随着农业发展机构对妇女赋权的投入不断增加，需要可靠的方法和指标来衡量妇女赋权情况，以便了解哪些类型的项目或项目实施策略能有效赋权于妇女，哪些不能。已被广泛使用的《农业领域妇女赋权指数》（WEAI）需要进行调整，以满足监测项目和评估其影响的需求。在本文中，作者描述了项目层面的WEAI（或项目级WEAI，即pro-WEAI）的调整与验证情况，农业发展项目可利用该指数来确定妇女（和男子）被剥夺权力的关键领域，设计适当策略以解决已发现的不足，并监测与妇女赋权相关的项目成果。12个项目级WEAI指标被映射到三个领域：内在能动性（自身权力）、工具性能动性（行动权力）和集体能动性（联合权力）。性别平等指数比较同一家庭中男性和女性的赋权得分。作者描述了项目级WEAI的开发过程，包括：（1）项目级WEAI与其他版本WEAI的不同之处；（2）在性别、农业与资产项目第二阶段（GAAP2）期间，在13个农业发展项目中试点项目级WEAI的过程；（3）对GAAP2项目定量数据的分析，包括家庭内部赋权/剥夺权力的模式；（4）对项目地点妇女赋权概念定性研究结果的总结。本文最后讨论了从项目级WEAI中吸取的经验教训以及赋权指标进一步发展的可能性。
