CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
MORE - Research Mountains - Association, Brigantia Ecopark, Bragança, Portugal.
J Sci Food Agric. 2020 Jan 30;100(2):682-694. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10064. Epub 2019 Nov 14.
Cropping practices focusing on agronomic water use efficiency and their impact on quality parameters must be investigated to overcome constraints affecting olive groves. We evaluated the response of olive trees (Olea europaea, cv. 'Cobrançosa') to different water regimes: full irrigation (FI, 100% crop evapotranspiration (ET )), and three deficit irrigation strategies (DIS) (regulated (RDI, irrigated with 80% of crop evapotranspiration (ET ) in phases I and III of fruit growth and 10% of ET in the pit hardening stage), and two continuous sustained strategies (SDI) - a conventional SDI (27.5% of ET ), and low-frequency irrigation adopted by the farmer (SDIAF, 21.2% of ET ).
The effects of water regimes on the plant water status, photosynthetic performance, metabolite fluctuations and fruit quality parameters were evaluated. All DIS treatments enhanced leaf tissue density; RDI and SDI generally did not affect leaf water status and maintained photosynthetic machinery working properly, and the SDIAF treatment impaired olive tree physiological indicators. The DIS treatments maintained the levels of primary metabolites in leaves, but SDIAF plants showed signs of oxidative stress. Moreover, DIS treatments led to changes in the secondary metabolism, both in leaves and in fruits, with increased total phenolic compounds, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoid concentration, and higher total antioxidant capacity, as well higher oil content. Phenolic profiles showed the relevance of an early harvest in order to obtain higher oleuropein levels with associated higher health benefits.
Adequate DIS are essential for sustainable olive growing, as they enhance the competitiveness of the sector in terms of olive production and associated quality parameters. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
为了克服影响橄榄树的制约因素，必须研究专注于农业用水效率的种植方法及其对质量参数的影响。我们评估了不同灌溉制度对橄榄树（Olea europaea，cv. 'Cobrançosa'）的响应：充分灌溉（FI，100%作物蒸散量（ET））和三种亏水灌溉策略（DIS）（调控亏水灌溉（RDI，在果实生长的第一和第三阶段以 80%的作物蒸散量（ET）和 10%的 ET 在硬核阶段进行灌溉，以及两种连续持续的策略（SDI）-常规 SDI（27.5%的 ET）和农民采用的低频灌溉（SDIAF，21.2%的 ET））。
评估了水分制度对植物水分状况、光合性能、代谢物波动和果实品质参数的影响。所有 DIS 处理均提高了叶片组织密度；RDI 和 SDI 通常不会影响叶片水分状况并保持光合作用机构正常工作，而 SDIAF 处理则损害了橄榄树的生理指标。DIS 处理保持了叶片中初级代谢物的水平，但 SDIAF 植物显示出氧化应激的迹象。此外，DIS 处理导致了次级代谢物的变化，无论是在叶片还是在果实中，总酚类化合物、邻二酚和类黄酮浓度增加，总抗氧化能力提高，油含量提高。酚类谱表明，为了获得更高的橄榄苦苷水平和相关的更高健康益处，早期收获是必要的。
适当的 DIS 对可持续橄榄种植至关重要，因为它们提高了橄榄生产和相关质量参数方面的部门竞争力。 © 2019 化学工业协会。
