Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Department of Medical Sociology).
Fondazione IRRCS, Milan, Italy (Neurological Institute Carlo Besta).
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019 Oct 16;32(5):695-721. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01350. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
Current demographic trends, such as society aging, the spreading of chronic diseases, as well as early retirement choices, lead to the dwindling labor market population. Taking into consideration the foregoing tendencies and their consequences, the issue of the shrinking labor force resources seems to be the most important challenge for the labor market. In response to it, this paper identifies individual and institutional causes of withdrawal from the labor market, and explores the views of Polish stakeholders on existing strategies for the occupational re-integration of persons with chronic diseases (PwCDs).
Polish results of 2 European projects: "Participation to Healthy Workplaces and Inclusive Strategies in the Work Sector" (the PATHWAYS project) and "The Collaborative Research on Aging in Europe" (COURAGE in Europe) complemented each other. The cross-sectional population data and data from stakeholders' interviews were used.
The authors identified several causes which could encourage people to withdraw from the labor market before attaining the official retirement age at 3 different levels: individual, occupational, and institutional. Although research has shown that the macro-level situation is crucial to staying occupationally active, in Poland stakeholders have reported the lack of effective coordination in the implementation of policies for the occupational re-integration of PwCDs.
A decision to cease work prematurely reflects a combination of many different factors, such as individual determinates, work characteristics, personal convictions, and systemic solutions. The study demonstrated that, despite the awareness of the dwindling resources of labor force, the employment-related challenges faced by PwCDs as well as people who are close to the retirement age remain unaddressed. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(5):695-721.
当前的人口趋势，如社会老龄化、慢性病的传播以及提前退休的选择，导致劳动力市场人口减少。考虑到上述趋势及其后果，劳动力资源萎缩问题似乎是劳动力市场面临的最重要挑战。针对这一问题，本文确定了退出劳动力市场的个人和制度原因，并探讨了波兰利益相关者对慢性病患者（PwCD）职业再融入现有策略的看法。
波兰在两个欧洲项目中的结果相互补充：“参与健康工作场所和工作部门包容性策略”（PATHWAYS 项目）和“欧洲老龄化合作研究”（COURAGE in Europe）。使用了横断面人口数据和利益相关者访谈数据。
作者在 3 个不同层面上确定了几个可能促使人们在达到官方退休年龄 3 岁之前退出劳动力市场的原因：个人、职业和制度。尽管研究表明宏观层面的情况对保持职业活跃至关重要，但波兰的利益相关者报告说，在实施 PwCD 职业再融入政策方面缺乏有效的协调。
提前决定停止工作反映了许多不同因素的组合，如个人决定因素、工作特征、个人信念和系统解决方案。该研究表明，尽管意识到劳动力资源减少，但 PwCD 以及即将退休的人所面临的就业挑战仍未得到解决。国际职业医学与环境卫生杂志。2019；32（5）：695-721。
