Catala M, Khonsari R H, Paternoster G, Arnaud É
UMR biologie du développement (Sorbonne université, CNRS, Inserm, IBPS), Sorbonne université (site Pierre-et-Marie-Curie), 9, quai Saint-Bernard, bâtiment C, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique, centre de référence maladies rares MAFACE, filière maladies rares CRANIOST, université Sorbonne Paris Cité, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Neurochirurgie. 2019 Nov;65(5):210-215. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2019.09.017. Epub 2019 Oct 3.
The vault of the skull is a region of the neurocranium formed by a process of membranous ossification. It consists of several bones: frontal bone, parietal bone, squamous part of the temporal bone, lamina ascendens of the sphenoid, and interparietal bone. The embryological origin of the bones of the skull vault is still the subject of controversy. This can be explained by the different animal models used for these purposes, but also by the various techniques applied to this problem. At all events, it seems that the cells of the neural crest generate some of the bones of the vault and that the others are derived from the mesoderm. This uncertainty should lead readers to be extremely cautious before using the presumptive maps published in the literature. Several tissues interact with osteo-progenitor cells: neural tube, surface ectoderm and dura mater. Analysis of genes in which mutations lead to abnormalities of the skull vault has partly revealed the molecular interactions. These are very complex and are the field of very numerous experimental investigations. In the relatively near future, we can hope to discover some of the molecular networks leading to the formation of these bony structures.
颅顶是由膜内成骨过程形成的神经颅区域。它由几块骨头组成：额骨、顶骨、颞骨鳞状部、蝶骨升板和顶间骨。颅顶骨骼的胚胎起源仍然是一个有争议的话题。这既可以通过用于这些目的的不同动物模型来解释，也可以通过应用于这个问题的各种技术来解释。无论如何，似乎神经嵴细胞产生了颅顶的一些骨头，而其他骨头则来自中胚层。这种不确定性应该使读者在使用文献中公布的推测图谱之前极其谨慎。几种组织与骨祖细胞相互作用：神经管、表面外胚层和硬脑膜。对那些突变会导致颅顶异常的基因的分析部分揭示了分子相互作用。这些相互作用非常复杂，是众多实验研究的领域。在相对不远的将来，我们有望发现一些导致这些骨结构形成的分子网络。
