Maxson Robert, Ishii Mamoru
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif., USA.
Front Oral Biol. 2008;12:197-208. doi: 10.1159/000115042.
The Bmp pathway is of critical importance in the development of the skull vault. Analysis of gain and loss of function phenotypes of Bmp pathway effectors, particularly Msx genes, has shown that the Bmp pathway functions in the growth of both mesodermal and neural crest-derived calvarial bones. It is required for the development of the frontal and parietal bones during the interval between the initial osteogenic mesenchymal condensations at E12.5 to the apposition of the paired frontal and parietal bones at E18.5. During postnatal development, forced expression of the Bmp inhibitor, noggin, maintains the patency of sutures, consistent with a role for the Bmp pathway in regulating suture development. The availability of conditional mutants of Bmp ligands, receptors and downstream effectors will make possible an increasingly high resolution analysis of precisely how the Bmp functions in these processes and how aberrations in its activity can contribute to pathological conditions such as familial parietal foramina and craniosynostosis.
Bmp信号通路在颅盖骨发育中至关重要。对Bmp信号通路效应器，尤其是Msx基因功能获得和功能丧失表型的分析表明，Bmp信号通路在中胚层和神经嵴来源的颅骨生长中发挥作用。在E12.5时最初的成骨间充质凝聚到E18.5时成对的额骨和顶骨并置的这段时间内，它是额骨和顶骨发育所必需的。在出生后发育过程中，Bmp抑制剂noggin的强制表达维持了缝线的通畅，这与Bmp信号通路在调节缝线发育中的作用一致。Bmp配体、受体和下游效应器条件性突变体的可用性将使人们能够越来越高分辨率地精确分析Bmp在这些过程中的作用方式，以及其活性异常如何导致诸如家族性顶骨孔和颅缝早闭等病理状况。
