Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China.
Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Dec 15;252:109603. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109603. Epub 2019 Oct 3.
Air pollution control has become one of the top priorities of China's "Ecological Civilization" development. As a quick response to the 2013 PM episodes, the Chinese Government issued the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" as the national strategy and roadmap for air quality improvements consisting of phased quantitative targets and concrete measures. Taking this into account, this study explores the spatiotemporal variations of the five conventional pollutants-PM, PM, SO, NO, and O-as well as the Air Quality Index and primary pollutants in 338 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2017 in order to comprehensively understand China's current air pollution situation and evaluate the effectiveness of the Action Plan. The results indicate that: (1) the overall air quality has been significantly improved, with the concentrations of PM, PM, and SO decreasing noticeably, although the still high PM level, the dramatically increasing O concentration, and the stagnant amounts of NO present further challenges, along with the intensification of regional compound air pollution problems; (2) in contrast to the three key regions under the Action Plan exhibiting significant decreases in PM and SO, the Fen-Wei Plain (FWP) is suffering from serious compound pollution, suggesting that there is an urgent need for the development of a regional joint prevention and control mechanism in the FWP and similar areas; (3) with the exception of the common pollution hot spots mainly concentrated in the FWP as well as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and its surrounding regions, the distribution of each pollutant exhibited remarkable spatial heterogeneity due to their distinctive emission sources, a finding that strongly indicates the need for regionally differentiated management; and (4) the most frequent primary pollutant at the national level was O, followed by PM and PM. In the Wuhan Metropolitan Area (WHM), Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Metropolitan Area (CZT), and Sichuan-Chongqing Region (CY), PM pollution is playing the dominant role, while in the FWP, BTH, Yangtze River Delta region (YRD), and Pearl River Delta region (PRD), the synergistic control of PM and O pollutants is urgently needed as soon as possible, which will require that more attention be paid to emission mitigation in the transportation sector, as well as the synergistic control of NO and VOC emissions.
空气污染治理已成为中国“生态文明”发展的首要任务之一。作为对 2013 年 PM 事件的快速反应，中国政府发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》作为空气质量改善的国家战略和路线图，其中包含分阶段的定量目标和具体措施。有鉴于此，本研究旨在探讨 2013 年至 2017 年期间中国 338 个城市的五种常规污染物（PM、PM、SO、NO 和 O）以及空气质量指数和主要污染物的时空变化，以全面了解中国当前的空气污染状况，并评估该行动计划的有效性。结果表明：（1）整体空气质量得到显著改善，PM、PM 和 SO 浓度明显下降，尽管 PM 水平仍然较高，O 浓度急剧增加，NO 浓度保持不变，同时区域复合型空气污染问题加剧；（2）与行动计划下的三个重点区域 PM 和 SO 显著下降形成鲜明对比的是，汾渭平原（FWP）正遭受严重的复合型污染，这表明 FWP 及类似地区迫切需要建立区域联防联控机制；（3）除了主要集中在 FWP 以及京津冀和周边地区的常见污染热点外，由于其独特的排放源，每种污染物的分布都表现出显著的空间异质性，这强烈表明需要进行区域差异化管理；（4）在全国范围内，最常见的首要污染物是 O，其次是 PM 和 PM。在武汉城市群（WHM）、长株潭城市群（CZT）和川渝地区（CY），PM 污染占主导地位，而在 FWP、京津冀、长三角地区（YRD）和珠三角地区（PRD），PM 和 O 污染物的协同控制迫在眉睫，这将需要更多地关注交通运输部门的减排，以及 NO 和 VOC 排放的协同控制。
