Ultrasonographic study of the temporomandibular joint in individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder.

The present study's aim was to compare temporomandibular joint (TMJ) images for individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) using high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS). The distance between the lateral-most point of the articular capsule and the lateral-most point of the mandibular condyle (lateral capsule-mandibular condyle distance) was determined to confirm the clinical diagnosis according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). The sample group comprised 17 women and 15 men, aged 19-39 years, distributed into TMD (n = 20) and Asymptomatic (n = 12) groups. The evaluations were in closed- and open-mouth positions. The lateral capsule-mandibular condyle distance was measured in both positions. The articular surface of the condyle and the articular capsule were visualized as hyperechoic structures, and the articular disk was visualized as a central, hyperechogenic area surrounded by a hypoechoic linear image. Morphological changes were observed in some TMD group participants, including joint effusion (hypoechogenic area), condylar erosions (increased hyperechoic area), and condylar surface irregularities. The lateral capsule-mandibular condyle distance did not differ between sides or groups among participants with intra-articular disorders with or without pain (P > 0.05). In conclusion, HRUS allowed visualization of the TMJ structures, but did not allow confirmation of clinical diagnosis by DC/TMD.