Ministry of Health and Sports, NayPyiTaw 15011, Myanmar.
Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 4;16(19):3742. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193742.
Despite increasing contraceptive use and prevalence, many women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy are not using contraceptives. This results in unintended pregnancies, which increases the risk of unsafe abortions. This study aimed to explore the extent of the unmet need for family planning (FP) among urban and rural married women in Myanmar and their demand for and satisfaction with FP. A cross-sectional survey using adapted Demographic and Health surveys questions was conducted in south and north Yangon from September 2016 to November 2016. A total of 1100 currently married women of 18-49 years participated. The contraceptive prevalence was 67.2% in total, 63% urban, and 70% rural. About 19.4% (95% CI: 16.7%-22.4%) of the studied women had an unmet need for FP, significantly higher in urban than rural women (22.6% versus 16.6%). Rural women also showed significant lesser odds (adjusted OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.461-0.849) of unmet need than the urban counterparts. About 86% of the women had demand for contraception and 77% of them satisfied their demand. The study population revealed a fairly good contraceptive coverage; however, a considerable proportion of women had an unmet need for FP, especially the urban women. The demand for contraception is increasing, and contraceptive services need to expand coverage to marginalized groups in order to reduce the risk of unsafe abortions.
尽管避孕措施的使用率和普及率都在不断提高，但仍有许多希望避免或延迟怀孕的女性没有使用避孕措施。这导致了意外怀孕的发生，增加了不安全堕胎的风险。本研究旨在探讨缅甸城乡已婚妇女的计划生育（FP）未满足需求的程度及其对 FP 的需求和满意度。2016 年 9 月至 11 月，在仰光南部和北部采用改编后的人口与健康调查问题进行了一项横断面调查。共有 1100 名 18-49 岁的目前已婚妇女参与了研究。总的来说，避孕药具的使用率为 67.2%，城市为 63%，农村为 70%。大约 19.4%（95%置信区间：16.7%-22.4%）的研究妇女对 FP 有未满足的需求，城市妇女的这一比例明显高于农村妇女（22.6%对 16.6%）。农村妇女的未满足需求的可能性也显著较低（调整后的 OR：0.63；95%置信区间：0.461-0.849）。约 86%的妇女有避孕需求，其中 77%的需求得到了满足。研究人群显示出相当高的避孕覆盖率；然而，相当一部分妇女对 FP 有未满足的需求，尤其是城市妇女。对避孕的需求正在增加，需要扩大避孕服务的覆盖面，以覆盖边缘化群体，从而降低不安全堕胎的风险。
