Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2019 Aug;145:377-389. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.030. Epub 2019 Jun 5.
In the current study, ecological risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediments, seawater, wastewater, soft tissues and shell of a major fouling species Callista florida (C. florida) and soft tissue of rocky oyster, Saccostrea cucullata (S. cucullata) are investigated. For this purpose, 25 sediment samples, 24 seawater samples, 28 wastewater samples, and 100 bivalve samples were collected for PTEs analysis. Risk index (RI) and sediment quality guidelines along with calculated enrichment factors (EF) and PTEs profiles revealed that Musa Estuary is threatened by contamination, especially with respect to Hg, Cu, and Zn. The decreasing trend of average element enrichment factor is: Hg > Cu > Ni > Cd > Zn > Co > Cr > Mn > Fe > As > Pb > Mo > Sb. Among the investigated elements, Hg indicated the highest potential ecological risk factor in sediment (RI and EF are 1341.6 and 214.66 close to the industrial area). The Ficklin chart results demonstrated that seawater samples almost plot in regions with high metal load and pH values were the same. Mean concentrations of PTEs in water samples were 1.2 (for Cu) to 6565 (for Hg) times higher than world seawater. Regarding wastewater, pH values changed from very acidic to alkaline while PTEs load ranged from low to high load. In general, PTEs concentration in water samples was higher compared to those of the world seawater. Based on the results obtained in this biomonitoring study, elevated concentrations of Al, Fe, Cu, and Zn were found in soft tissue of C. florida and S. cucullata. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in PTEs concentration between the two studied species. Generally, most PTEs concentration including Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sb in soft tissue fall between water and sediment samples i.e., sediment > biota > water.
本研究调查了一种主要污损生物佛罗里达海牛（Callista florida，C. florida）的沉积物、海水、污水、软组织和贝壳以及石蚝（Saccostrea cucullata，S. cucullata）的软组织中的潜在有毒元素（PTEs）的生态风险。为此，采集了 25 个沉积物样本、24 个海水样本、28 个污水样本和 100 个双壳类样本进行 PTEs 分析。风险指数（RI）和沉积物质量标准以及计算出的富集因子（EF）和 PTEs 分布表明，马萨河口受到污染的威胁，尤其是汞、铜和锌。平均元素富集因子的降低趋势为：Hg>Cu>Ni>Cd>Zn>Co>Cr>Mn>Fe>As>Pb>Mo>Sb。在所研究的元素中，汞在沉积物中表现出最高的潜在生态风险因素（RI 和 EF 分别为 1341.6 和 214.66，接近工业区）。Ficklin 图表的结果表明，海水样本几乎都处于高金属负荷和 pH 值相同的区域。水样中 PTEs 的平均浓度是世界海水的 1.2（Cu）到 6565（Hg）倍。至于污水，pH 值从非常酸性变为碱性，而 PTEs 的负荷从低到高。一般来说，水样中 PTEs 的浓度高于世界海水。根据这项生物监测研究的结果，在 C. florida 和 S. cucullata 的软组织中发现了 Al、Fe、Cu 和 Zn 的浓度升高。统计分析显示，两种研究物种之间 PTEs 浓度存在显著差异。一般来说，软组织中包括 Al、Co、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Sb 在内的大多数 PTEs 浓度介于水和沉积物样本之间，即沉积物>生物>水。
