Sharma Anju, John P J, Bhatnagar Pradeep
Department of Zoology, IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2019 Sep;35(9):604-613. doi: 10.1177/0748233719879312. Epub 2019 Oct 8.
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the teratogenic and developmental toxicity of fluoride and endosulfan alone and in combination in pregnant Swiss albino mice exposed during the organogenetic period (5-14 days) of gestation. Fluoride (25.1 mg/kg body weight in water) and endosulfan (1.8 mg/kg bw by oral intubation) when administered alone and in combination (fluoride 25.1 mg/kg bw + endosulfan 1.8 mg/kg bw) to pregnant mice caused significant teratogenic effects in developing fetuses. There was no maternal mortality but significant decreases in maternal weight gain and numbers of live fetuses and significant increases in numbers of fetal resorption were recorded in the treated groups. The fetal body weight and litter size also decreased significantly in all treated groups. No external malformations were observed in any of the fetuses. The percent of visceral and skeletal anomalies increased in the fetuses of all treated groups. The fetal malformations observed were internal hydrocephaly, microphthalmia, anophthalmia, pulmonary edema, subcutaneous edema, reduced ossification of skull bones, widened cranial sutures, rib anomalies (short, wavy, partially ossified, or absent ribs), and reduced ossification of phalanges. The occurrence of visceral and skeletal malformations was more severe in the combination group, suggesting additive interaction of fluoride and endosulfan in inducing developmental toxicity in Swiss albino mice.
本研究旨在评估氟化物和硫丹单独及联合使用对妊娠期间（妊娠第5 - 14天）器官形成期的瑞士白化病孕鼠的致畸性和发育毒性。当单独及联合给予怀孕小鼠氟化物（水中25.1毫克/千克体重）和硫丹（经口插管给予1.8毫克/千克体重）时，对发育中的胎儿产生了显著的致畸作用。各处理组均未出现母体死亡，但记录到母体体重增加显著减少、活胎数量显著减少以及胎儿吸收数量显著增加。所有处理组的胎儿体重和窝仔数也显著下降。在任何胎儿中均未观察到外部畸形。所有处理组胎儿的内脏和骨骼异常百分比均有所增加。观察到的胎儿畸形有脑内积水、小眼症、无眼症、肺水肿、皮下水肿、颅骨骨化减少、颅缝增宽、肋骨异常（肋骨短、弯曲、部分骨化或无肋骨）以及指骨骨化减少。联合组中内脏和骨骼畸形的发生率更为严重，表明氟化物和硫丹在诱导瑞士白化病小鼠发育毒性方面存在相加作用。
