Modulation of Neural and Muscular Adaptation Processes During Resistance Training by Fish Protein Ingestions in Older Adults.

Assessments of both neural and muscular adaptations during interventions would provide valuable information for developing countermeasures to age-related muscle dysfunctions. We investigated the effect of fish protein ingestion on training-induced neural and muscular adaptations in older adults. Twenty older adults participated 8 weeks of isometric knee extension training intervention. The participants were divided into two groups who took fish protein (n = 10, Alaska pollack protein, APP) or casein (n = 10, CAS). Maximal muscle strength during knee extension, lower extremity muscle mass (body impedance method), and motor unit firing pattern of knee extensor muscle (high-density surface electromyography) were measured before, during, and after the intervention. Muscle strength were significantly increased in both CAS (124.7 ± 5.8%) and APP (117.1 ± 4.4%) after intervention (p < .05), but no significant differences between the groups were observed (p > .05). Significant increases in lower extremity muscle mass from 0 to 8 weeks were demonstrated only for APP (102.0 ± 3.2, p < .05). Greater changes in motor unit firing pattern following intervention were represented in CAS more than in APP. These results suggest that nutritional supplementations could modulate neural and muscular adaptations following resistance training and fish protein ingestion preferentially induces muscular adaptation without the detectable neural adaptation in older adults.