Wilhelm Eurico Nestor, Rech Anderson, Minozzo Felipe, Botton Cintia Ehlers, Radaelli Regis, Teixeira Bruno Costa, Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro, Pinto Ronei Silveira
Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Exp Gerontol. 2014 Dec;60:207-14. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
Concurrent training is an effective method for increasing skeletal muscle performance in aging individuals, but controversy exists as to whether chronic neuromuscular and functional adaptations are affected by the intra-session exercise sequence. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concurrent endurance and power-like strength training exercise sequence on muscular and functional adaptations of older participants. Thirty-six healthy older men not engaged in systematic exercise training programs for at least 6 months were divided into a control group (CON; 65.8±5.3 years), or in the training groups: endurance-strength (ES; 63.2±3.3 years), or strength-endurance (SE; 67.1±6.1 years). Training groups underwent 12 weeks of concurrent endurance and power-like strength training, starting every exercise session with either endurance (in ES) or strength (in SE) exercises. Measurements included knee extension one repetition maximum (1RM), knee extension power, 30 second sit-to-stand test (30SS), maximum vastus lateralis surface electromyographic activity, and rectus femoris echo intensity (RFEI). Significant increases in maximal strength (ES +18±11.3%; SE +14.2±6.0%; p≤0.05), peak power (ES +22.2±19.4%; SE +26.3±31.3%; p≤0.05), and 30SS performance (ES +15.2±7.2%; SE +13.2±11.8%; p≤0.05) were observed only in the training groups, with no differences between ES and SE. Maximum muscular activity was greater after 12weeks at training groups (p≤0.05), and reductions in RFEI were found only in ES and SE (p≤0.05). These results demonstrate that concurrent strength and endurance training performed twice a week effectively increases muscular performance and functional capacity in older men, independent of the intra-session exercise sequence. Additionally, the RFEI decreases indicate an additional adaptation to concurrent training.
同时训练是提高老年人骨骼肌性能的有效方法，但对于慢性神经肌肉和功能适应是否受训练期间运动顺序的影响存在争议。因此，本研究的目的是评估耐力和类似力量训练同时进行时的运动顺序对老年参与者肌肉和功能适应的影响。36名至少6个月未参加系统运动训练计划的健康老年男性被分为对照组（CON；65.8±5.3岁），或训练组：耐力-力量组（ES；63.2±3.3岁），或力量-耐力组（SE；67.1±6.1岁）。训练组进行了为期12周的耐力和类似力量训练，每次训练开始时进行耐力训练（ES组）或力量训练（SE组）。测量指标包括膝关节伸展一次重复最大值（1RM）、膝关节伸展力量、30秒坐立试验（30SS）、股外侧肌最大表面肌电活动和股直肌回声强度（RFEI）。仅在训练组中观察到最大力量（ES组增加18±11.3%；SE组增加14.2±6.0%；p≤0.05）、峰值功率（ES组增加22.2±19.4%；SE组增加26.3±31.3%；p≤0.05）和30SS表现（ES组增加15.2±7.2%；SE组增加13.2±11.8%；p≤0.05）显著提高，ES组和SE组之间无差异。训练12周后，训练组的最大肌肉活动更大（p≤0.05），仅在ES组和SE组中发现RFEI降低（p≤0.05）。这些结果表明，每周进行两次的力量和耐力同时训练能有效提高老年男性的肌肉性能和功能能力，与训练期间的运动顺序无关。此外，RFEI降低表明对同时训练有额外的适应性变化。
