Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States.
Department of Biology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Oct 30;67(43):11883-11892. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04398. Epub 2019 Oct 18.
Hydrogen sulfide is a key gasotransmitter for plants and has been shown to greatly increase their growth and survival in the presence of environmental stressors. Current methods for slowly releasing hydrogen sulfide use chemicals, such as GYY-4137, but these result in the release of chemicals not found in the environment, and chemicals used may lack structures that can be readily tuned to affect the rate of release of hydrogen sulfide. In this article, we describe the synthesis and slow release of hydrogen sulfide from dialkyldithiophosphates, which are a new set of hydrogen sulfide releasing chemicals that can be used in agriculture. The rates of hydrolysis of dibutyldithiophosphate and GYY-4137 were measured in water at 85 °C and compared with each other to investigate their differences. GYY-4137 is widely used as a chemical that slowly releases HS, but its rate of release was not previously quantified. The release of hydrogen sulfide in water at room temperature was measured for a series of dialkyldithiophosphates using a hydrogen sulfide electrode. It was shown that the structure of the dialkyldithiophosphate affected the amount of hydrogen sulfide released. The final degradation products of dibutyldithiophosphate were shown to be phosphoric acid and butanol, which are chemicals found in the environment. This result was notable because it demonstrated that dialkyldithiophosphates degrade to safe, natural chemicals that will not pollute the environment. To demonstrate that dialkyldithiophosphates have potential applications in agriculture, maize was grown for 4.5 weeks after exposure to 1-200 mg of dibutyldithiophosphate, and the weight of corn plants increased by up to 39% at low loadings of dibutyldithiophosphate.
硫化氢是一种关键的气体信号分子，已被证明可极大地提高植物在环境胁迫下的生长和存活能力。目前缓慢释放硫化氢的方法使用化学物质，如 GYY-4137，但这些方法会导致释放出环境中不存在的化学物质，而且使用的化学物质可能缺乏可调节的结构，以影响硫化氢的释放速率。在本文中，我们描述了通过二烷基二硫代磷酸酯缓慢释放硫化氢的方法，这些物质是一组新的可用于农业的硫化氢释放化学物质。在 85°C 的水中测量了二丁基二硫代磷酸酯和 GYY-4137 的水解速率，并将它们相互比较以研究它们的差异。GYY-4137 被广泛用作缓慢释放 HS 的化学物质，但它的释放速率此前并未被量化。使用硫化氢电极在室温下的水中测量了一系列二烷基二硫代磷酸酯的硫化氢释放量。结果表明，二烷基二硫代磷酸酯的结构影响了释放的硫化氢量。二丁基二硫代磷酸酯的最终降解产物被证明是磷酸和正丁醇，这些都是环境中存在的化学物质。这一结果值得注意，因为它表明二烷基二硫代磷酸酯降解为安全的天然化学物质，不会污染环境。为了证明二烷基二硫代磷酸酯在农业中有潜在的应用，在暴露于 1-200 mg 二丁基二硫代磷酸酯后，玉米生长了 4.5 周，在低剂量二丁基二硫代磷酸酯下，玉米植株的重量增加了高达 39%。
