Raposo Vera Lúcia
Faculty of Law, University of Macau Macau China.
Eur J Health Law. 2019 Oct 4;26(4):308-329. doi: 10.1163/15718093-12264438.
Due to its simplicity, low cost and accuracy, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a promising new technique in the field of gene editing. However, despite its virtues, it is not yet immune to scientific hazards and ethical legal concerns. These concerns have been used to justify opposition to genetic manipulation, and have led to some regulations to ban or impose a moratorium based on the precautionary principle. In Europe, regulation mostly comes from the European Union and the Council of Europe, both very cautious towards gene editing. In this article, two arguments on the future legal framework of CRISPR-Cas9 are made. The first is that continued research will contribute to more scientific accuracy; thus, the precautionary principle should promote regulated research to achieve this aim. The second is that most of the legal and ethical concerns surrounding CRISPR-Cas9 are based on unfounded prejudice emanating from a mystical understanding of the human genome.
由于其操作简单、成本低廉且准确性高,CRISPR - Cas9已成为基因编辑领域一项颇具前景的新技术。然而,尽管它有诸多优点,但仍无法避免科学风险以及伦理和法律方面的担忧。这些担忧被用来为反对基因操作提供理由,并导致了一些基于预防原则的禁令或暂停规定。在欧洲,相关规定主要来自欧盟和欧洲理事会,二者对基因编辑都非常谨慎。本文就CRISPR - Cas9未来的法律框架提出了两个观点。第一个观点是,持续的研究将有助于提高科学准确性;因此,预防原则应推动进行规范研究以实现这一目标。第二个观点是,围绕CRISPR - Cas9的大多数法律和伦理担忧都基于对人类基因组的神秘理解所产生的毫无根据的偏见。