The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA; Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA; Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Departments of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
EBioMedicine. 2019 Oct;48:642-647. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.076. Epub 2019 Oct 6.
The microbiome is increasingly recognized for its role in multiple aspects of cancer development and treatment, specifically in response to checkpoint inhibitors. While checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment by producing durable anti-tumor responses, only a minority of patients respond to the available immunotherapy drugs and accurate, sensitive and specific microbiome predictors of response to treatment remain elusive. Additionally, the specific mechanisms linking the microbiome and host immunological responses remain unclear. In this review, we examine the evidence for the gut microbiome's association with anti-tumor responses to checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, we discuss the current evidence available from murine models seeking to explain the immunological mechanisms that may drive this process. While this work is promising in defining the impact of gut microbiota in cancer treatment, many unanswered questions indicate the need for additional human and experimental studies.
微生物组越来越被认为在癌症发展和治疗的多个方面发挥作用，特别是在对检查点抑制剂的反应中。虽然检查点抑制剂通过产生持久的抗肿瘤反应彻底改变了癌症治疗，但只有少数患者对现有的免疫治疗药物有反应，并且仍然难以准确、敏感和特异性地预测对治疗的微生物组反应。此外，微生物组与宿主免疫反应之间的具体联系机制尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们检查了肠道微生物组与黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌和肾细胞癌的检查点抑制剂治疗中的抗肿瘤反应之间关联的证据。此外，我们还讨论了目前从试图解释可能推动这一过程的免疫学机制的鼠模型中获得的现有证据。虽然这项工作在确定肠道微生物群在癌症治疗中的影响方面很有前景，但仍有许多悬而未决的问题表明需要进行更多的人类和实验研究。
