Fujino Kenji, Hirayama Yuji, Kaji Ryota
Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural Research Organization, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan.
Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station, Local Independent Administrative Agency Hokkaido Research Organization, Pippu, Hokkaido 078-0397, Japan.
Breed Sci. 2019 Sep;69(3):383-392. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.19062. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
Rice breeding programs in Hokkaido over the past 100 years have dramatically increased productivity and improved the eating quality of rice. Commercial varieties with high yield and good eating quality, such as Kirara 397, Hoshinoyume, and Nanatsuboshi, have been continuously registered since 1990. Furthermore, varieties with better eating quality using , which reduces amylose content to improve the taste of sticky rice, such as Oborozuki and Yumepirika, were registered in 2006 and 2008, respectively. However, to the best of our knowledge the genomic changes associated with these improvements have not been determined. Better understanding of the relationships between DNA sequences and agricultural traits could facilitate rice breeding programs in Hokkaido. Marker-assisted selection (MAS), which can select the plants with chromosomal regions tagged with DNA markers for desirable traits, is an advanced technology to manage genetic improvements. Here, we summarize the current states of MAS in rice breeding programs in Hokkaido before huge data sets of genome sequences using next-generation sequencing technology come into practical use in rice breeding programs.
在过去的100年里，北海道的水稻育种计划极大地提高了产量，并改善了大米的食用品质。自1990年以来，诸如北陆397、星之梦和七つ星等高产且食用品质优良的商业品种不断被登记注册。此外，分别于2006年和2008年登记注册了食用品质更佳的品种，如胧月和梦光，它们通过降低直链淀粉含量来改善糯米的口感。然而，据我们所知，与这些改良相关的基因组变化尚未确定。更好地理解DNA序列与农艺性状之间的关系有助于北海道的水稻育种计划。标记辅助选择（MAS）是一种先进的技术，可用于管理遗传改良，它能够选择具有携带所需性状DNA标记的染色体区域的植株。在此，我们总结了在利用下一代测序技术获得的海量基因组序列数据集在水稻育种计划中实际应用之前，北海道水稻育种计划中MAS的现状。
