Fujino Kenji, Kawahara Yoshihiro, Shirasawa Kenta
Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan.
Institute of Crop Science, National Agricultural Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan.
Theor Appl Genet. 2022 Jan;135(1):291-299. doi: 10.1007/s00122-021-03966-0. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
Gene distributions and population genomics suggest artificial selection of ghd7 osprr37, for extremely early heading date of rice, in the Tohoku region of Japan. The ranges of cultivated crops expanded into various environmental conditions around the world after their domestication. Hokkaido, Japan, lies at the northern limit of cultivation of rice, which originated in the tropics. Novel genotypes for extremely early heading date in Hokkaido are controlled by loss-of-function of both Grain number, plant height and heading date 7 (Ghd7) and Oryza sativa Pseudo-Response Regulator 37 (OsPRR37). We traced genotypes for extremely early heading date and analyzed the phylogeny of rice varieties grown historically in Japan. The mutations in Ghd7 and OsPRR37 had distinct local distributions. Population genomics revealed that varieties collected from the Tohoku region of northern Japan formed three clusters. Mutant alleles of Ghd7 and OsPRR37 appear to have allowed rice cultivation to spread into Hokkaido. Our results show that the mutations of two genes might be occurred in the process of artificial selection during early rice cultivation in the Tohoku region.
基因分布和群体基因组学表明，在日本东北地区，人们对控制水稻极早熟的Ghd7和OsPRR37基因进行了人工选择。栽培作物在驯化后，其种植范围扩展到了世界各地的各种环境条件下。日本北海道位于起源于热带地区的水稻种植的最北界限。北海道极早熟的新基因型由粒数、株高和抽穗期7（Ghd7）和水稻假响应调节因子37（OsPRR37）的功能缺失所控制。我们追踪了极早熟的基因型，并分析了日本历史上种植的水稻品种的系统发育。Ghd7和OsPRR37的突变具有明显的局部分布。群体基因组学显示，从日本北部东北地区收集的品种形成了三个聚类。Ghd7和OsPRR37的突变等位基因似乎使水稻种植得以扩展到北海道。我们的结果表明，这两个基因的突变可能发生在东北地区早期水稻种植的人工选择过程中。
