Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Research Unit on Childhood, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
LEAD CNRS UMR 5022, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2020 Feb;42(1):76-89. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1676881. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
: Analogical reasoning is a human ability of crucial importance in several domains of cognition, such as numerical abilities, social cognition, and language, and which is impaired in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). This impairment might be caused by their weaknesses in inhibition or by the inefficient use of phonological recoding.: We compared children with DLD and age-matched children without language disorders in an A:B::C:D analogical task. We manipulated two variables: interference (versus no interference) was used to evaluate the impact of articulatory suppression on analogical performance, and distraction (versus no distractor) was used to test whether perceptual distractors (which compete with relational responses) diminish children's performance.: Contrary to expectations, articulatory suppression does not have a negative effect on analogical reasoning. In contrast, perceptual distractors have a detrimental impact on performance, and children with DLD are more impacted by perceptual distraction than their peers. Moreover, inhibition, as measured by a classical inhibition task, influences performance, but only for children with DLD.: The analogical reasoning impairment observed in DLD, therefore, seems to be related to perceptual distraction and inhibition rather than to phonological recoding. To conclude, this study investigates the analogical reasoning impairment observed in DLD and contributes to our understanding of the relationships between language, analogical reasoning, and executive functions.
类比推理是人类在认知的多个领域中至关重要的能力，例如在数值能力、社会认知和语言方面，而这种能力在发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 儿童中受到损害。这种损害可能是由于他们在抑制方面的弱点或在语音再编码方面的低效使用造成的。我们在一个 A:B::C:D 的类比任务中比较了 DLD 儿童和年龄匹配的无语言障碍儿童。我们操纵了两个变量：干扰（与无干扰）用于评估发音抑制对类比表现的影响，以及分心（与无分心物）用于测试感知分心物（与关系反应竞争）是否会降低儿童的表现。出乎意料的是，发音抑制对类比推理没有负面影响。相反，感知分心物对表现有不利影响，并且 DLD 儿童比他们的同龄人更容易受到感知分心物的影响。此外，以经典抑制任务衡量的抑制会影响表现，但仅对 DLD 儿童有影响。因此，在 DLD 中观察到的类比推理障碍似乎与感知分心和抑制有关，而不是与语音再编码有关。总之，本研究调查了 DLD 中观察到的类比推理障碍，并有助于我们理解语言、类比推理和执行功能之间的关系。
