Nippold M A, Sullivan M P
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.
J Speech Hear Res. 1987 Sep;30(3):367-76. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3003.367.
In contrast to the common assumption that young children have little or no ability to reason by analogy or to comprehend proportional metaphors, the present study demonstrated that children as young as age 5 years have an emerging ability to solve both verbal and perceptual proportional analogy problems and to detect the meanings of proportional metaphoric sentences. These results were largely because the experimental tasks were designed to minimize the number of factors that would restrict the performance of young children. The results indicated that the years between 5 and 7 mark a steady improvement in analogical reasoning and proportional metaphor comprehension, but that children ages 5, 6, and 7 display a wide-ranging ability in these areas. It was also found that perceptual analogical reasoning was statistically related to verbal analogical reasoning and to proportional metaphor comprehension, and that perceptual analogical reasoning and proportional metaphor comprehension were both statistically related to receptive vocabulary development.
与普遍认为幼儿几乎没有或完全没有通过类比进行推理或理解比例隐喻能力的观点相反，本研究表明，年仅5岁的儿童已开始具备解决言语和感知比例类比问题以及理解比例隐喻句子含义的能力。这些结果主要是因为实验任务的设计尽量减少了限制幼儿表现的因素数量。结果表明，5至7岁期间类比推理和比例隐喻理解能力稳步提高，但5岁、6岁和7岁的儿童在这些方面表现出广泛的能力差异。研究还发现，感知类比推理在统计学上与言语类比推理和比例隐喻理解相关，并且感知类比推理和比例隐喻理解在统计学上均与接受性词汇发展相关。
