School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Department of Epidemiology, Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Res Nurs Health. 2019 Dec;42(6):467-475. doi: 10.1002/nur.21984. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
In the early 20th century, public health nurse, Lillian Wald, addressed the social determinants of health (SDOH) through her work in New York City and her advocacy to improve policy in workplace conditions, education, recreation, and housing. In the early 21st century, addressing the SDOH is a renewed priority and provides nurse researchers with an opportunity to return to our roots. The purpose of this methods paper is to examine how the incorporation of geospatial data and spatial methodologies in community research can enhance the analyses of the complex relationships between social determinants and health. Geospatial technologies, software for mapping and working with geospatial data, statistical methods, and unique considerations are discussed. An exemplar for using geospatial data is presented regarding associations between neighborhood greenspace, neighborhood violence, and children's asthma control. This innovative use of geospatial data illustrates a new frontier in investigating nontraditional connections between the environment and SDOH outcomes.
20 世纪初，公共卫生护士莉莲·沃尔德（Lillian Wald）通过在纽约市的工作以及改善工作场所条件、教育、娱乐和住房政策的倡导，解决了健康的社会决定因素（SDOH）问题。21 世纪初，解决 SDOH 是一个新的优先事项，为护士研究人员提供了回归根源的机会。本文的目的是探讨如何将地理空间数据和空间方法纳入社区研究中，以增强对社会决定因素与健康之间复杂关系的分析。讨论了地理空间技术、用于制图和处理地理空间数据的软件、统计方法和独特的考虑因素。本文提出了一个关于邻里绿地、邻里暴力与儿童哮喘控制之间关系的地理空间数据示例，说明了在调查环境与 SDOH 结果之间非传统联系方面的一个新前沿。
