Ye Shufen, Liu Fanfan, Xu Rui, Yao Yu, Zhou Xuefeng, Feng Yuezhan, Cheng Xiaolong, Yu Yan
Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Small. 2019 Nov;15(46):e1903725. doi: 10.1002/smll.201903725. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
Lithium (sodium)-metal batteries are the most promising batteries for next-generation electrical energy storage due to their high volumetric energy density and gravimetric energy density. However, their applications have been prevented by uncontrollable dendrite growth and large volume expansion during the stripping/plating process. To address this issue, the key strategy is to realize uniform lithium (sodium) deposition during the stripping/plating process. Herein, a thin lithiophilic layer consisting of RuO particles anchored on brush-like 3D carbon cloth (RuO @CC) is prepared by a simple solution-based method. After infusion of Li, the RuO @CC transfers to Li-Ru@CC. Ru nanoparticles not only play a role in leading Li (Na ) to plate on the 3D carbon framework, but also lower local current density because of the good electrical conductivity. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ru metal, the reaction product of alkali metal and Ru, can lead Li to plate evenly around carbon fiber owing to the strong binding energy with Li . The Li-Ru@CC anode shows ultralong cycle life (1500 h at 5 mA cm ). The full cell of Li-Ru@CC|LiFePO exhibits lower polarization (90% capacity retention after 650 cycles). In addition, sodium metal batteries based on Na-Ru@CC anodes can achieve similar improvement.
锂（钠）金属电池因其高体积能量密度和高重量能量密度，是下一代电能存储最具潜力的电池。然而，其应用因在脱嵌/电镀过程中不可控的枝晶生长和大体积膨胀而受到阻碍。为解决这一问题，关键策略是在脱嵌/电镀过程中实现锂（钠）的均匀沉积。在此，通过一种简单的基于溶液的方法制备了一种由锚定在刷状三维碳布（RuO@CC）上的RuO颗粒组成的薄亲锂层。注入锂后，RuO@CC转变为Li-Ru@CC。Ru纳米颗粒不仅在引导锂（钠）在三维碳骨架上电镀方面发挥作用，还因其良好的导电性降低了局部电流密度。此外，密度泛函理论计算表明，碱金属与Ru的反应产物Ru金属，由于与锂的强结合能，可使锂在碳纤维周围均匀电镀。Li-Ru@CC阳极显示出超长循环寿命（在5 mA cm下循环1500小时）。Li-Ru@CC|LiFePO全电池表现出较低的极化（650次循环后容量保持率为90%）。此外，基于Na-Ru@CC阳极的钠金属电池也能实现类似的性能提升。
