Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dresden Technical University, Dresden, Germany.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2019 Sep;80(5):489-498.
The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in alcohol consumption and mortality and their association with alcohol control measures in Russia between 1990 and 2017.
Analysis of trends for all-cause mortality and alcohol-related mortality, life expectancy, and total adult per capita alcohol consumption and their relationship were conducted. A narrative literature review of alcohol control policies since 1990 was done.
Corresponding trends of alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality were observed for the analyzed period. Steep increases in consumption and mortality occurred in 1991-1994 and in 1998-2002, and a continuous decline was observed since 2003. Trends in alcohol consumption were also closely mirrored by trends in life expectancy. These dynamics seem to be affected by economic trends and alcohol control policies, which were increasingly implemented over the observation period, even though some measures remained vague.
A combination of several factors seems to be at play to explain alcohol consumption and mortality trends: the general economic situation, the availability and affordability of alcohol, and the changing patterns of alcohol consumption. Alcohol control measures seem to have had a positive impact on decreasing alcohol consumption and mortality insofar as they have reinforced the existing economic trends.
本研究旨在分析 1990 年至 2017 年间俄罗斯饮酒量和死亡率的变化趋势及其与酒精控制措施的关系。
分析了全因死亡率和与酒精相关的死亡率、预期寿命以及成年人人均总饮酒量的变化趋势，并对 1990 年以来的酒精控制政策进行了文献综述。
在分析期间观察到了饮酒量和全因死亡率以及特定原因死亡率的相应变化趋势。1991-1994 年和 1998-2002 年消费和死亡率急剧上升，自 2003 年以来持续下降。酒精消费的趋势也与预期寿命的趋势密切相关。这些动态似乎受到经济趋势和酒精控制政策的影响，在观察期间，这些政策的实施越来越多，尽管一些措施仍不明确。
似乎有几个因素共同作用，解释了饮酒和死亡率的变化趋势：总体经济状况、酒精的可获得性和可负担性以及饮酒模式的变化。只要加强了现有的经济趋势，酒精控制措施似乎对降低饮酒量和死亡率产生了积极影响。
