Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2013 Mar-Apr;48(2):222-30. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/ags134. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
To elucidate the possible effects of Russian alcohol control policy on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality for the period 2000-2010.
Narrative review including statistical analysis. Trends before and after 2006 are compared, 2006 being the date of implementation of the Russian government's long-term strategy to reduce alcohol-related harms. Mortality data were taken from the World Health Organization (WHO) database 'Health for All'. Data on recorded alcohol consumption were taken from the WHO, based on the Russian Statistical Service (Rosstat). For unrecorded consumption, the calculations of Alexandr Nemtsov were used. Russian public opinion surveys on drinking habits were utilized. Treatment data on alcohol dependence were obtained from the Moscow National Research Centre on Addictions. Information on alcohol policy was obtained from official reports.
Marked fluctuations in all-cause and alcohol-associated mortality in the working-age population were observed during the reviewed period. A decrease in total consumption and mortality was noted since the end of 2005, when the Russian government initially adopted the regulation of alcohol production and sale. The consumption changes were driven by decreases in recorded and unrecorded spirit consumption, only partly compensated for by increases in beer and wine consumption.
Alcohol is a strong contributor to premature deaths in Russia, with both the volume and the pattern of consumption being detrimental to health. The regulations introduced since 2006 seem to have positive effects on both drinking behavior and health outcomes. However, there is an urgent need for further alcohol-control strategies to reduce alcohol-related harm.
阐明 2000-2010 年俄罗斯实施酒精控制政策对酒精消费和与酒精相关的死亡率的可能影响。
叙述性评论，包括统计分析。比较 2006 年之前和之后的趋势，2006 年是俄罗斯政府实施减少与酒精相关危害的长期战略的日期。死亡率数据来自世界卫生组织（WHO）数据库“全民健康”。记录的酒精消费数据取自 WHO，基于俄罗斯国家统计局（Rosstat）。对于未记录的消费，使用了亚历山大·涅姆佐夫的计算。还利用了俄罗斯关于饮酒习惯的公众意见调查。酒精依赖治疗数据来自莫斯科国家成瘾研究中心。关于酒精政策的信息来自官方报告。
在审查期间，观察到所有原因和与酒精相关的死亡率在工作年龄人群中出现明显波动。自 2005 年底俄罗斯政府最初开始管制酒精生产和销售以来，总消费和死亡率呈下降趋势。消费变化是由记录和未记录的烈酒消费减少驱动的，仅部分由啤酒和葡萄酒消费增加所抵消。
酒精是俄罗斯早逝的主要原因，其消费的数量和模式都对健康有害。自 2006 年以来实施的法规似乎对饮酒行为和健康结果都产生了积极影响。然而，迫切需要进一步的酒精控制策略来减少与酒精相关的危害。
